目的 探讨电子计算机断层扫描（CT）增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生及影响因素分析。方法 选取天津市肿瘤医院空港医院2020年10月—2023年10月收治的100例行CT增强出现碘对比剂急性不良反应的患者进行回顾性分析,将其分为观察组,另选取同期在我院行CT增强检查未发生不良反应的100例患者作为对照组。分析观察组患者碘对比剂急性不良反应情况,对比两组患者临床资料及碘对比剂注射情况,以急性不良反应作为因变量（发生急性不良反应=1,未发生急性不良反应=0）纳入Logistic回归模型,分析CT增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生的独立影响因素。结果 100例发生碘对比剂急性不良反应的患者中轻度65例（65.00%）,中度34例（34.00%）,重度1例（1.00%）;观察组与对照组性别、年龄、体质指数（BMI）、高血压史、糖尿病史、心功能不全史、甲状腺功能亢进史、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病史、碘对比剂使用史、食物过敏史对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,观察组与对照组哮喘史（9.00% vs 2.00%）、肾功能不全史（13.00% vs 3.00%）、碘对比剂不良反应发生史（21.00 % vs 2.00%）、花粉过敏史（12.00% vs 4.00%）、药物过敏史（26.00% vs 7.00%）及其他过敏史（10.00 % vs 2.00%）,对比差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.710,P=0.030;χ²=6.790,P=0.009;χ²=17.740,P<0.001;χ²=4.350,P=0.037;χ²=13.100,P<0.001;χ²=5.670,P=0.017）;观察组与对照组碘对比剂剂量对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,观察组与对照组碘对比剂注射速度（<3 mL/min为55.00% vs 69.00%;≥3 mL/min为45.00% vs 31.00%）、碘对比剂类型（碘克沙醇为34.00% vs 34.00%,碘佛醇为47.00% vs 30.00%,碘海醇为19.00% vs 36.00%）对比差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.160,P=0.041;χ²=9.010,P=0.011）;肾功能不全史、碘对比剂不良反应发生史、药物过敏史、其他过敏史、碘对比剂注射速度为发生碘对比剂急性不良反应的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 CT增强碘对比剂急性不良反应多以轻度为主,且以往合并肾功能不全、碘对比剂不良反应发生史、药物过敏史、其他过敏史、碘对比剂注射速度过高可能为碘对比剂不良反应发生的影响因素。

Objective To explore the occurrence and influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of iodine contrast agents in enhanced computed tomography（CT）. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2023 who experienced acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents during CT enhancement．They were divided into an observation group and another 100 patients who underwent CT enhancement examination in our hospital during the same period without any adverse reactions were selected as the control group．The acute adverse reactions of iodine contrast agent in the observation group of patients were analyzed,the clinical data and injection of iodine contrast agent between the two groups of patients were compared,and include acute adverse reactions as the dependent variable（occurrence of acute adverse reactions=1,absence of acute adverse reactions=0）was used in the Logistic regression model to analyze the independent influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of CT enhanced iodine contrast agent．Results Among the 100 patients who experienced acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents,65 were mild reactions,accounting for 65.00%,34 cases had were moderate reactions,accounting for 34.00%,and one cases had severe reactions,accounting for 1.00%．There was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in gender,age,body mass index（BMI）,history of hypertension,diabetes,heart dysfunction,hyperthyroidism,coronary heart disease,use of iodine contrast agent,and food allergy（P>0.05）．The history of asthma（9.00% vs 2.00%）,renal insufficiency（13.00% vs 3.00%）,adverse reactions of iodine contrast（21.00 % vs 2.00%）,pollen allergy（12.00% vs 4.00%）,drug allergy（26.00% vs 7.00%）and other allergies（10.00 % vs 2.00%）were significantly different（χ²=4.710,P=0.030;χ²=6.790,P=0.009;χ²=17.740,P<0.001;χ²=4.350,P=0.037;χ²=13.100,P<0.001;χ²=5.670,P=0.017）．There was no significant difference in the dosage of iodine contrast agent between the observation group and the control group（P>0.05）．The injection rate of iodine contrast agent between the observation group and the control group（< 3 mL/min was 55.00% vs 69.00%;≥3 mL/min was 45.00% vs 31.00%）,and the types of iodoxanol （iodoxanol[34.00% vs 34.00%],iodoxanol[47.00% vs 30.00%],iodohexanol[19.00% vs 36.00%]） were significantly different（χ²=4.160,P=0.041;χ²=9.010,P=0.011）．History of renal insufficiency,adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents,drug allergies,other allergies,and injection speed of iodine contrast agents were independent risk factors for the occurrence of acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents（P<0.05）．Conclusions Acute adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agents in CT enhancement are mostly mild．Previous history of renal insufficiency,history of adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agents,history of drug allergies,other allergic histories,and high injection speed of iodinated contrast agents may be influencing factors for the occurrence of adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agents．

目的 探究硼替佐米、地塞米松联合环磷酰胺治疗骨髓瘤的疗效及对患者不良反应发生的影响。方法 研究对象为我院2016年1月—2020年12月收治的60例骨髓瘤患者,将其随机分为研究1组(n=20)、研究2组(n=20)与对照组(n=20)。对照组给予硼替佐米联合沙利度胺及地塞米松化疗,研究1组给予硼替佐米联合环磷酰胺及地塞米松化疗,研究2组给予硼替佐米联合来那度胺及地塞米松化疗。对比三组治疗效果、免疫功能变化情况、相关血清因子水平以及骨代谢因子水平变化情况。结果 对照组治疗有效率85.0%比研究1组95.0%、研究2组90.0%低(P＜0.05);三组治疗前的免疫对比无较大差异(P＞0.05),对照组经治疗后的免疫功能比研究组差(P＜0.05);三组治疗前的相关血清因子水平比较无较大差异(P＞0.05),对照组经治疗后的相关血清因子水平比研究1组、研究2组高(P＜0.05);对照组经治疗后的骨代谢因子水平变化比研究1组、研究2组差(P＜0.05)。结论 硼替佐米、地塞米松联合环磷酰胺治疗骨髓瘤效果理想,药物不良反应发生率下降,患者生活质量得到改善,可在临床推广应用。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of bortezomib,dexamethasone combined with cyclophosphamide in the treatment of myeloma and the effect on the occurrence of adverse reactions in patients. Methods The subjects were 60 myeloma patients admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020, and they were randomly divided into study group 1 (n=20), study group 2 (n=20) and control group (n=20). The control group received bortezomib combined with thalidomide and dexamethasone chemotherapy, the study group 1 received bortezomib combined with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone chemotherapy, and the study group 2 received bortezomib combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone chemotherapy. The therapeutic efficacy, the changes of immune function,serum factors and bone metabolism factors were compared among the three groups. Results The effective rate of control group was 85.0%, which was lower than those of study group 1 and study group 2 (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference of immune function among the three groups before treatment (P＞0.05), which of the control group after treatment was worse than that of the study groups (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of related serum factors among the three groups before treatment (P＞0.05),which in the control group after treatment was higher than those in the study group 1 and study group 2 (P＜0.05). After treatment, the changes of bone metabolic factors in control group were worse than those in study group 1 and study group 2 (P＜0.05). Conclusion Bortezomib, dexamethasone combined with cyclophosphamide in the treatment of myeloma had ideal effect, and the incidence of adverse drug reaction was reduced, the quality of life of patients was improved, which can be popularized in clinical application.

目的 分析葡萄糖酸钙口服液在预防单采献血不良反应特别是心血管不良反应的价值。方法 随机选取3 504例在我中心单采血小板献血者作此次研究对象,将抽取对象分为比对组(n=1 728)和探析组(n=1 776),对探析组献血者进行血小板采集前为其提供葡萄糖酸钙口服液,比对组献血者不接受任何预防措施,献血过程中对献血者进行动态血压检测及动态心电图检测。结果 对比组共发生不良反应为278例(16.08%):其中全身性不良反应无晕厥78例(4.51%);全身不良反应晕厥18例(1.04%);单采相关性的不良反应中的枸橼酸盐反应为182例(10.53%);未见溶血反应和过敏反应。探析组共发生不良反应为155例(8.72%):其中全身性不良反应无晕厥54例(3.04%);全身不良反应晕厥20例(1.12%);单采相关性的不良反应中的枸橼酸盐反应为85例(4.78%);未见溶血反应和过敏反应。探析组单采相关性的不良反应中的枸橼酸盐反应显著减少。2组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。比对组与探析组中,出现血压异常48例(2.78%)和12例(0.68%);心电图异常的89例(5.15%)和32例(1.80%);心率异常112例(6.48%)和38(2.14%)。为探析组的心血管不良反应的发生率低于比对组献血者,2组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在献血者单采血小板为其提供葡萄糖酸钙口服液能够有效减少心血管不良反应,降低单采血小板不良反应发生率。

       目的   探讨电子计算机断层扫描（CT）增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生及影响因素分析。方法   选取天津市肿瘤医院空港医院2020年10月—2023年10月收治的100例行CT增强出现碘对比剂急性不良反应的患者进行回顾性分析，将其分为观察组，另选取同期在我院行CT增强检查未发生不良反应的100例患者作为对照组。分析观察组患者碘对比剂急性不良反应情况，对比两组患者临床资料及碘对比剂注射情况，以急性不良反应作为因变量（发生急性不良反应=1，未发生急性不良反应=0）纳入Logistic回归模型，分析CT增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生的独立影响因素。结果  100例发生碘对比剂急性不良反应的患者中轻度65例（65.00%），中度34例（34.00%），重度1例（1.00%）；观察组与对照组性别、年龄、体质指数（BMI）、高血压史、糖尿病史、心功能不全史、甲状腺功能亢进史、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病史、碘对比剂使用史、食物过敏史对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），观察组与对照组哮喘史（9.00% vs 2.00%）、肾功能不全史（13.00% vs 3.00%）、碘对比剂不良反应发生史（21.00% vs  2.00%）、花粉过敏史（12.00% vs 4.00%）、药物过敏史（26.00% vs 7.00%）及其他过敏史（10.00% vs 2.00%），对比差异有统计学意义（χ ² =4.710，P=0.030；χ  ² =6.790，P=0.009；χ ² =17.740，P＜0.001；χ ² =4.350，P=0.037；χ ² =13.100，P＜0.001；χ ² =5.670，P=0.017）；观察组与对照组碘对比剂剂量对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），观察组与对照组碘对比剂注射速度（＜3 mL/min为55.00% vs 69.00%；≥3 mL/min为45.00% vs 31.00%）、碘对比剂类型（碘克沙醇为34.00% vs 34.00%，碘佛醇为47.00% vs 30.00%，碘海醇为19.00% vs  36.00%）对比差异有统计学意义（χ ² =4.160，P=0.041；χ ² =9.010，P=0.011）；肾功能不全史、碘对比剂不良反应发生史、药物过敏史、其他过敏史、碘对比剂注射速度为发生碘对比剂急性不良反应的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论  CT增强碘对比剂急性不良反应多以轻度为主，且以往合并肾功能不全、碘对比剂不良反应发生史、药物过敏史、其他过敏史、碘对比剂注射速度过高可能为碘对比剂不良反应发生的影响因素。

       Objective  To explore the occurrence and influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of iodine contrast agents in enhanced computed tomography（CT）．Methods  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2023 who experienced acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents during CT enhancement．They were divided into an observation group and another 100 patients who underwent CT enhancement examination in our hospital during the same period without any adverse reactions were selected as the control group．The acute adverse  reactions of iodine contrast agent in the observation group of patients were analyzed，the clinical data and injection of iodine contrast agent between the two groups of patients were compared，and include acute adverse reactions as the dependent variable（occurrence of acute adverse reactions=1，absence of acute adverse reactions=0）was used in the Logistic regression model to analyze the independent influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of CT enhanced iodine contrast agent．Results  Among the 100 patients who experienced acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents，65 were mild reactions，accounting for 65.00%，34 cases had were moderate reactions，accounting for 34.00%，and one cases had severe reactions，accounting for 1.00%．There was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in gender，age，body mass index（BMI），history of hypertension，diabetes，heart dysfunction，hyperthyroidism，coronary heart disease，use of iodine contrast agent，and food allergy（P＞0.05）．The history of asthma（9.00% vs 2.00%），renal insufficiency（13.00% vs 3.00%），adverse reactions of iodine contrast（21.00 % vs 2.00%），pollen allergy（12.00% vs  4.00%），drug allerg（26.00% vs  7.00%）and other allergies（10.00 % vs  2.00%）were significantly different（χ ² =4.710，P=0.030；χ ² =6.790，P=0.009；χ ² =17.740，P＜0.001；χ ² =4.350，P=0.037；χ ² =13.100，P＜0.001；χ ² =5.670，P=0.017）．There was no significant difference in the dosage of iodine contrast agent between the observation group and the control group（P＞0.05）．The injection rate of iodine contrast agent between the observation group and the control group（＜ 3 mL/min was 55.00% vs  69.00%；≥3 mL/min was 45.00% vs 31.00%），and the types of iodoxanol （iodoxanol［34.00% vs 34.00%］，iodoxanol［47.00% vs 30.00%］，iodohexanol［19.00% vs 36.00%］） were significantly different（χ ² =4.160，P=0.041；χ ²  =9.010，P=0.011）．History of renal insufficiency，adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents，drug allergies，other allergies，and injection speed of iodine contrast agents were independent risk factors for the occurrence of acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents（P＜0.05）．Conclusions  Acute adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agents in CT enhancement are mostly mild．Previous history of  renal insufficiency，history of adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agents，history of drug allergies，other allergic histories，and high injection speed of iodinated contrast agents may be influencing factors for the occurrence of adverse  reactions to iodinated contrast agents．