非自杀性自伤行为（NSSI）是指个体在没有自杀意图的情况下，故意对自己身体进行伤害的行为。近年来，NSSI在全球范围内整体呈上升趋势，尤其在青少年群体中日益普遍，这与青少年的年龄特点、心理及生物学特征、社会压力等因素密切相关。有研究表明，NSSI是自杀行为的独立危险因素，不仅对青少年健康造成严重影响，也给家庭和社会带来了沉重的负担。因此，本文通过系统回顾NSSI相关文献，阐述其流行病学现况、影响因素和干预措施，旨在为早期识别高危人群、预防青少年NSSI行为的发生以及制定相应的干预策略提供科学依据。

       Non-suicidal self-injury（NSSI）is the behavior in which an individual intentionally inflicts harm on his or her own body without suicidal intent．In recent years，NSSI has been on the rise globally，especially among adolescents，which is closely related to the age characteristics，psychological and biological characteristics，and social pressure．Some studies have shown that NSSI is an independent risk factor for suicidal behavior，which not only poses a serious impact on the health of adolescents，but also imposes a heavy burden on families and society．Therefore，this article systematically reviews relevant literatures on NSSI，mainly elaborating the epidemiological status，influencing factors and interventions．We aim to provide a scientific basis for the early identification of high-risk populations，the prevention of NSSI in adolescents and the development of corresponding intervention strategies

目的 探讨广州市越秀区青少年近视特点和危险因素,为降低青少年近视发病率提供参考依据。方法 本项目采用分层随机整群抽样的研究方法,抽取分布于广州市越秀区2 774名青少年作为研究对象,根据近视检查情况将其分为近视组（n=1 657）与非近视组（n=1 117）,通过问卷调查的方式,分析青少年近视整体现况、流行病学特征以及影响青少年近视发生、发展的相关行为和因素。结果 2 774名青少年中,1 657名近视,检出率为59.73%;其中女生为872名,多于男生的785名;幼儿园、小学生、初中生、高中生近视人数分别为20名、446名、484名、707名,呈升高趋势。学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是广州市越秀区青少年近视的影响因素（P<0.05）。广州市越秀区青少年近视程度均与学段、校外用眼环境、电子屏幕使用情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近距离用眼情况呈正相关（P<0.05）,与校内用眼环境、读写姿势、近视检查及矫治情况呈负相关（P<0.05）。对不同预后组间存在统计学差异的因素进行Logistic多因素分析后得到,学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是广州市越秀区青少年近视的相关影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 广州市越秀区青少年近视发生人群呈现高龄化,学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是青少年近视的相关影响因素,建议加强组织学生到户外进行多种课间户外体育活动,同时鼓励家长在校外从自身做起,树立爱眼护眼好榜样,与学校共同保护孩子的视力。

Objective To explore the characteristics and risk factors of myopia among adolescents in Yuexiu District,Guangzhou,and to provide reference for reducing the incidence of myopia among adolescents．Methods This project adopted stratified random cluster sampling to select 2 774 adolescents distributed in Yuexu District,Guangzhou as the research objects,which were divided into myopia group（n=1 657）and non-myopia group（n=1 117）according to the myopic examination．Through questionnaire survey,the overall situation and epidemiological characteristics of myopia among adolescents in our district were comprehensively known,in order to explore the related behaviors and factors affecting the occurrence and development of myopia among adolescents in our district,explore reasonable intervention measures,and put forward scientific and effective myopia prevention and control technical means and strategies．Results Among 2 774 adolescents,1 657 were nearsighted（59.73%）．Among them,872 were female and 785 were male．The number of myopia in kindergarten,primary school,middle school and high school students were 20,446,484 and 707 respectively,showing an increasing trend．School period,eyes use environment in school and outside school,reading and writing posture,situations of electronic screen use,close distance eye use,outdoor activities and sleep,myopia examination and correction were the relevant influencing factors on myopia of adolescents in Yuexui District of Guangzhou（P<0.05）．The myopia degree of adolescents in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou was positively correlated with school period,out-of-school eyes use environment,electronic screen use,outdoor activities and sleep conditions,and close distance eyes use（P<0.05）,and negatively correlated with in-school eyes use environment,reading and writing posture,myopia examination and correction conditions（P<0.05）．After Logistic multivariate analysis of the factors with statistical difference between different prognostic groups,school period,eyes use environment in school and outside school,reading and writing posture,electronic screen use,close distance eyes use,outdoor activities and sleep conditions,myopia examination and correction were the relevant influencing factors on myopia of adolescents in Yuexui District of Guangzhou（P<0.05）．Conclusions In Yuexiu District,Guangzhou,the population with myopia is gradually moving to a younger age．School period,eyes use environment in school and outside school,reading and writing posture,electronic screen use,close distance eyes use,outdoor activities and sleep condition,myopia examination and correction are the relevant influencing factors．It is recommended to strengthen the organization of students to go outdoors for a variety of outdoor sports activities between classes,while encouraging parents to set a good example of eye care outside the school and work with the school to protect their children’s eyesight．

目的 探究青少年首发抑郁症患者治疗中联合应用艾司西酞普兰与重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)的总疗效及应用价值。方法 选取东莞市第七人民医院2020年5月—2021年10月80例青少年首发抑郁症患者,参考“数字双盲法”,分为对照组和观察组(各40例)2组,对照组接受伪rTMS+艾司西酞普兰治疗,观察组接受rTMS+艾司西酞普兰治疗。评价指标:临床总疗效、抑郁评分(17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表,HAMD-17)、认知功能评分(威斯康星卡片分类测验,WCST)、生活质量(SF-36评分),不良反应发生率(副反应量表,TESS)。结果 观察组患者总有效率95.00%较对照组80.00%明显高(P＜0.05);且2组不良反应率比较(P＞0.05)。观察组治疗1周、2周、4周HAMD-17评分均较对照组低,同时治疗4周后WCST项目中完成分类评分较对照组更高(P＜0.05)。观察组SF-36(角色、社会、躯体、认知)评分均较对照组高(P＜0.05)。结论 青少年首发抑郁症患者,在艾司西酞普兰用药基础上联合rTMS,可获取更为显著的治疗效果,控制病情进展,减轻抑郁症状,同时对认知功能无影响,促进生活质量大幅度提高,且用药安全性有保障。

Objective To explore the total efficacy and application value of escitalopram combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of adolescent patients with first-episode depression.Methods A total of 80 adolescent patients with first-episode depression in Dongguan Seventh People's Hospital from May 2020 to October 2021 were selected.Referring to the “digital double-blind method”,they were divided into control group and observation group (40 cases each).The control group was treated with pseudo rTMS and escitalopram,and the observation group was treated with rTMS and escitalopram.Evaluation indexes: total clinical efficacy,depression score (17-item Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD-17),cognitive function score (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,WCST),quality of life (SF-36 score),adverse reaction rate (Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale,TESS).Results The total effective rate of 95.00% in the observation group was significantly higher than 80.00% in the control group (P<0.05); the incidence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups (P>0.05).The HAMD-17 scores of the observation group at 1 week,2 weeks and 4 weeks were significantly lower than those of the control group.At the same time,the classification scores of WCST items after 4 weeks of treatment were higher in observation group (P<0.05).The SF-36 (role,society,body and cognition) scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions Adolescent patients with first-episode depression treated with rTMS on the basis of escitalopram can obtain more significant therapeutic effect,control the progress of the disease,reduce depressive symptoms,have no effect on cognitive function,greatly improve the quality of life,and ensure the safety of medication.

目的 分析影响广州青少年自杀行为的因素。方法 选取100例自杀行为青少年为观察组,选100例健康青少年为对照组,对比两组青少年家庭结构、家庭教育方式、自身人格特征等指标。多因素Logistic回归分析其自杀行为危险因素。结果 观察组青少年抑郁量表、焦虑量表、攻击性人格及冲动性人格量表分值均高于对照组高;单亲家庭或父母常年在外、家庭教育方式不当、学校无健康心理教育课、抑郁或焦虑、冲动或攻击性人格、负面事件、消极应对是青少年自杀行为独立危险因素,P均＜0.05。结论 家长及学校应正确引导青少年处事方式,积极面对生活,打消自杀意念。

Objective To analyze the factors influencing the suicide behavior of adolescents in Guangzhou. Methods The 100 cases of adolescent suicide behavior were selected as the observation group, 100 healthy adolescents were selected as control group, compared with two groups of adolescent family structure, family education, personality traits and other indicators. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors was taken for suicidal behavior. Results In the observation group adolescent depression scale, anxiety scale, attack impulse personality and personality amount scores were higher than those in the control group, single parent family or parents staying outside, improper family education, school health psychological education, depression or anxiety, impulsivity, or aggressive personality, negative events, negative coping were independent risk factors for adolescent suicide, P<0.05. Conclusion Parents and schools should have guide to adolescents, toface life positively, and give up thought of suicide.