目的 探讨基于失效模式与效应分析法（FMEA）风险管理模式的在消化内镜诊疗护理中的应用价值。方法 选取2021年7月—2022年12月在河南省人民医院接受无痛消化内镜诊疗的368例患者为研究对象,根据入组时间顺序,2022年3月及其之前入组患者为对照组（n=171）,实施常规护理管理;2022年3月之后入组的患者为观察组（n=197）,在对照组基础上,增加基于FMEA的护理风险管理模式,对比两组患者的护理质量。结果 观察组各环节风险优先级（RPN）值较干预前明显好转,RPN总分由1 044分降至336分,观察组不良事件发生率低于对照组（17.3% vs 33.3%,P<0.05）,观察组患者对医护人员满意度高于对照组（92.9% vs 85.4%,P<0.05）,观察组患者所需的等待时间低于对照组[（35.68±7.29）min vs （44.27±8.65）分min,P<0.05]。结论 FMEA风险管理模式能有效提高无痛消化内镜诊疗中的护理质量。

Objective To explore the application analysis of failure mode and effect analysis（FMEA）risk management model in digestive endoscopy diagnosis treatment and nursing．Methods A total of 368 patients who underwent painless endoscopic diagnosis and treatment at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from July 2021 to December 2022 were selected．According to the order of enrollment,patients enrolled in March 2022 and before were selected as the control group（n=171）,and routine nursing management was implemented．The patients enrolled after March 2022 were in the observation group（n=197）．In addition to the control group,a nursing risk management model based on FMEA was added to compare the nursing quality of the two groups of patients．Results The risk priority number（RPN）values of each link in the observation group showed a significant improvement compared to that before intervention．The total RPN score decreased from 1 044 points to 336 points,and the incidence of adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in the control group（17.3% vs 33.3%,P<0.05）．The satisfaction of the observation group with medical staff was higher than that in the control group（92.9% vs 85.4%,P<0.05）．The waiting time required by the observation group was lower than that in the control group[（35.68±7.29）min vs（44.27±8.65）min,P<0.05]．Conclusion sThe FMEA risk management model can effectively improve the nursing quality in painless endoscopic diagnosis and treatment．

目的 探讨信息预警系统在住院患者压疮风险管理中的运用。方法 应用描述性分析,χ²检验和t检验方法,对实施信息预警系统前后的院内压疮发生率、压疮护理质量管理指标以及使用纸质版和电子版Waterlow量表评估患者压疮危险的平均时间进行比较。结果 试行信息预警系统后,院内压疮发生率下降至0.11‰;护士对压疮危险患者评估率、动态评估率和预防压疮措施落实率都明显升高;护士使用电子版Waterlow量表评估患者压疮危险耗时显著减少。结论 信息预警系统在住院患者压疮风险管理中起到重要作用,为临床护理和护理管理提供了良好的工具,保障患者安全。

Objective To explore the application of risk management information system in the inpatients' risk management of pressure ulcers (PUrs). Methods A descriptive analysis, Chi-square test and T-test were used to analyze the incidence of inpatients' PUrs and indicators of the nursing quality control before and after applying the risk management information system. Results After using this information system, incidence of PUrs decreased to 0.11‰ . Rate of registered nurses' assessment on inpatients' with PUrs risk and dynamically assessment rose obviously. The rate of prevention of PUrs went up as well. The mean time to assess inpatients' PUrs risk with electronic Waterlow scale was significantly less than the mean time of paper Waterlow scale. Conclusion The risk management information system played a vital role in the inpatients' PUrs risk management. It could provide an effective tool for the clinical nursing's quality control, improve registered nurses' efficiency and protect inpatients'safety.

目的 分析风险管理在老年患者护理管理中的应用效果。方法 随机抽取于2013年1月—2014年1月来我院治疗的270例老年患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法,分为对照组和观察组,每组各135例,对照组采取常规护理管理,观察组在对照组基础上实施风险管理,观察对比两组患者的风险事件发生率及护理满意度。结果 观察组风险事件发生率为10.37%,对照组的风险事件发生率为43.70%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度为98.52%,对照组护理满意度为79.26%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 老年患者护理管理工作中实施风险管理的临床效果显著,降低事故发生,同时提高护理满意度,在临床中具有良好的应用价值。

       目的   探讨预防性风险管理在肌层浸润性膀胱癌根治术后的应用效果及对术后生活质量影响。方法   选取2020年6月—2023年10月安阳市肿瘤医院收治的66例肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者，应用抽签法分为观察组（n=33）与对照组（n=33）。所有患者均采取根治性全膀胱切除术与淋巴清扫术治疗，对照组患者术后实施常规护理，观察组在对照组基础上增加预防性风险管理。对比两组术后尿量、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间，干预前后病耻感及负面情绪、术后并发症发生率，最后对比两组干预前后生活质量变化。结果   两组患者术后尿量对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），观察组术后胃肠功能恢复时间为（5.27±0.82）d，术后住院时间为（18.31±3.27）d，短于对照组的（7.25±1.12）（23.27±4.18）d，对比差异有统计学意义（t分别为8.194、5.369，P＜0.05）；干预后两组患者病耻感量表（SSCI）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分均降低，观察组分别为（35.67±7.45）（40.02±2.43）（45.36±4.17）分，低于对照组的（48.27±10.69）（54.54±3.54）（51.37±4.38）分，对比差异有统计学意义（t分别为5.555、19.426、5.709，P＜0.05）；观察组术后并发症发生率为9.09%，低于对照组的30.30%（χ ² =4.690，P=0.030）；干预后两组膀胱癌特异性模块、功能状况、精神状况、家庭/社会状况及躯体状况相关维度膀胱癌患者生活质量量表（FACT-BL）评分均升高，观察组分别为（34.27±3.26）（25.11±4.23）（21.51±4.23）（25.02±4.43）（20.56±3.11）分，高于对照组的（27.00±4.34）（21.11±3.24）（16.12±2.12）（21.54±5.54）（15.87±4.13）分，对比差异有统计学意义（t分别为7.694、4.313、6.544、2.818、5.211，P＜0.05）。结论   预防性风险管理在肌层浸润性膀胱癌根治术后的应用效果显著，可缩短患者术后胃肠功能恢复时间及住院时间，改善患者负面情绪，有助减少术后并发症，提升患者生活质量。

       Objective  To explore the effect of preventive risk management on postoperative application and quality of life of myometrial invasive bladder cancer patients after radical surgery．Methods  A total of 66 patients with myometrial invasive bladder cancer admitted to Anyang Cancer Hospital from June 2020 to October 2023 were selected as research objects，and were divided into observation group（n=33）and control group（n=33）by lot drawing．All patients were treated with  radical total cystectomy and lymph node dissection．The control group received routine nursing care after surgery，while the observation group received preventive risk management in addition to the control group．The postoperative urine output，recovery time of gastrointestinal function，and hospitalization time between two groups were compared，as well as the shame and negative emotions before and after intervention，the incidence of postoperative complications，and the changes in quality of life between the two groups before and after intervention．Results  There was no significant difference in postoperative urine volume between the two groups of patients（P＞0.05），and the postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery time（5.27±0.82）d，postoperative hospitalization time（18.31±3.27）d were shorter than the control group［（7.25±1.12）d，（23.27±4.18）d］，with statistical significantce（t=8.194，5.369，P＜0.05）．After intervention，the Stigma Scale of Chronic Illness（SSCI），Self Rating Depression Scale（SDS），and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）in both groups of patients decreased，and the observation group［（35.67±7.45），（40.02±2.43），（45.36±4.17）］scored lower than the control group［（48.27±10.69），（54.54±3.54），（51.37±4.38）］，statistically significant（t=5.555，19.426，5.709，P＜0.05）．The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower at 9.09% compared to the control group at 30.30%（χ ² =4.690，P=0.030，P＜0.05）．After intervention，the scores of bladder cancer specific module，functional status，mental status，family/social status and physical status  related dimensions of bladder cancer patients’ quality of life scale for bladder cancer patients（FACT-BL）in both groups increased，and the observation group［（34.27±3.26），（25.11±4.23），（21.51±4.23），（25.02±4.43），（20.56±3.11）］ scored higher than the control group［（27.00±4.34），（21.11±3.24），（16.12±2.12），（21.54±5.54），（15.87±4.13）］，the comparison was statistically significant（t=7.694，4.313，6.544，2.818，5.211，P＜0.05）．Conclusions  Preventive  risk management has a significant effect on the application of myometrial invasive bladder cancer after radical surgery，which can shorten the recovery time of gastrointestinal function and hospital stay，improve patients’ negative emotions，assist in preventing postoperative complications，and improve patients’ quality of life．