目的 探讨以家庭为中心的患教模式对糖尿病患者代谢控制水平的影响。方法 选取168例2016年9月—2017年8月在我院治疗的糖尿病患者,根据不同的健康教育模式干预将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各84例。对照组患者采用传统的综合患教模式,观察组患者在对照组的基础上采用以家庭为中心的患教模式,比较两组患者的自我管理水平及血糖、血脂控制效果。结果 干预后,观察组自我管理总得分、饮食控制、运动锻炼、血糖监测、足部护理、高低血糖处理均优于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组的FBG、PBG、HbA1C、TC、TG、LDL-C水平均低于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 以家庭为中心的患教模式可辅助患者规范自己的行为,加强自我管理,改善血糖控制水平。

Objective To study the effects of two health education models on the level of metabolic control in diabetic patients. Methods 168 patients with diabetes admitted to our hospital from September 2016 to August 2017 were selected as subjects. According to different health education model interventions, they were divided into observation group and control group, with 84 cases in each group. The patients in the control group adopted a comprehensive health education model, and the patients in the observation group adopted a family-centered health education model based on the control group. The self-management level and blood glucose and blood lipid control effects of the two groups were compared. Results After intervention, the observation group self-management total score, diet control, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, foot care, high and low blood glucose treatment were better than that of control group (P<0.05); observation group FBG, PBG, HbA1C, TC, TG, LDL-C level were lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion A family-centered health education model may help patients regulate their behavior, strengthen self-management, and improve their blood sugar control levels.

目的 对出生缺陷知信行健康教育模式效果进行策略分析与探讨,为进一步完善围产期保健服务及健康教育工作提供合理化建议。方法 采用《孕期妇女出生缺陷基本知识知晓率专题测评问卷》并结合实际情况设定有关信念、行为方面的7个问题,对2011年1月—2013年6月期间在中心孕妇学校参加健康教育活动课堂的孕妇进行调查,并应用决策树模型对中心现有的出生缺陷知信行健康教育模式效果进行探讨。结果 预防出生缺陷知识方面,对初高中及中专文化程度的孕期妇女加强出生缺陷预防知识健康教育的预期收益合计达到51.2%,可作为重点目标人群;预防出生缺陷信念方面,主要决定因素是户籍类型和年龄,加大对本地户籍及25岁以上流动妇女人群的健康教育,促进孕期妇女树立预防出生缺陷信念的预期收益累计达95.9%;预防出生缺陷行为方面,主要影响因素是产检医生的嘱咐,受到嘱咐的孕期妇女预期收益为62.3%。结论 为了达到出生缺陷防治目标与健康教育整体效果的提高,应将预防出生缺陷的健康教育工作重点放在初高中及中专文化程度人群,本地户籍孕期妇女和25岁以上流动性孕期妇女又是需要树立预防出生缺陷信念的重点人群,强化产检医生的嘱托义务是提高孕期妇女出生缺陷知信行健康教育模式效果的有力保证。

Objective To identify factors related to the knowledge, attitude and practice KAP of birth defects prevention among pregnant women, and provide reasonable suggestions to improve perinatal health services and health education. Methods Using cluster sampling method, 5500 participants from pregnant women school were enrolled. Information on “awareness of basic knowledge of birth defects” and 7 questions about attitudes and practice to participant actual situation was gathered through personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. The related factors were analyzed by classification tree model of SPSS 19.0. Results As to birth defects related knowledge, prospective return was more than 50% in the pregnant women with junior, senior high school and technical secondary school education level. As to birth defects prevention faith, the main determinant was census register types; prospective return of pregnant women who were local permanent residents and floating population aged ≥25 years was 95.9%. The main influencing factor of practice was prenatal doctor's education; prospected return was 62.3% after strengthening the health education of prenatal doctor. Conclusion In order to improve birth defects education effect, pregnant women who have junior, senior high school and technical secondary school education level and are local permanent residents or floating population aged ≥25 years should be key targeted population. Prenatal doctor's health education will be a powerful guarantee.