目的 了解广州综合医院内分泌科门诊就诊者中抑郁焦虑障碍的患病率。方法 对广州市第一人民医院的内分泌科门诊就诊的患者进行横断面调查。采用医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)对105名入选的患者进行筛查,精神科医生对HADS≥8 分的患者进行国际神经精神科简式访谈问卷( MINI ) 的诊断性评估。结果 MINI诊断的抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍、抑郁和焦虑共病的患病率分别为3.80%、0.95%和2.86%。结论 抑郁和焦虑障碍是综合医院内分泌科门诊就诊者中的常见问题,但识别率和治疗率均不高。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders of the endocrinology outpatients in a general hospital of Guangzhou. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the endocrinology outpatient department of Guangzhou First People's Hospital. A total of 105 outpatients were screened with hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS). The patients with the HADS score of 8 and over were investigated and diagnosed by psychiatrists with the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview(MINI). Results The prevalence rates of MINI-diagnosed depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and depressive-anxiety co-morbid disorders were 3.80%, 0.95% and 2.86%, respectively. Conclusion Depression and anxiety disorders are common problems in the endocrinology outpatient department of general hospitals,but few outpatients were well-diagnosed and treated.

       焦虑症是最常见的精神障碍，区别于生理性焦虑，患者常表现出持续的焦虑状态。越来越多证据表明，抑制性神经元参与生理性焦虑的产生和消退，而这类神经元功能异常与焦虑症的发生密切相关。小清蛋白（PV）神经元是一类主要的抑制性中间神经元，广泛分布于大脑皮质和其他脑区，并且具有独特形态和功能。PV神经元可通过快速放电活动精确控制局部微环路和大脑网络活动，进而调控焦虑发生。文章综述PV神经元如何介导生理性焦虑及其功能异常及如何导致焦虑症的产生，重点介绍了PV神经元的解剖和功能特性，这些特性使它们拥有快速和强力的抑制作用，能够快速调控神经网络活动，和PV神经元以及相关的神经环路调控焦虑发生的环路机制，以及PV神经元调控焦虑发生的分子机制，并展望未来的研究方向，以期为开发新的焦虑症干预策略提供科学依据。

       Anxiety disorders，distinct from physiological anxiety，are characterized by a chronic and pervasive state of heightened anxiety and represent the most common mental diseases．Emerging evidence implicates inhibitory neurons in both the generation and extinction of physiological anxiety，with dysfunction in these neurons strongly associated with the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders．Among inhibitory neurons，parvalbumin（PV）-positive interneuron，a key subset with unique morphological and functional characteristics，are widely distributed across the cerebral cortex and various brain regions．These neurons exert rapid，potent inhibitory control over local microcircuits and broader neural networks through their fast-spiking activity，making them integral to the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors．This review highlights three key aspects：the anatomical and functional properties of PV neurons；their role in circuit mechanisms；the molecular pathways by which PV neurons regulate anxiety．By elucidating the role of PV neurons in modulating physiological anxiety and highlighting their dysfunction in anxiety disorders，this review aims to inform future research and foster the development of novel therapeutic interventions for anxiety disorders．