目的 探讨血清胱抑素C（SCys-C）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）及尿微量白蛋白（UmAlb）在高血压患者肾损害早期评估中的应用价值。方法 选择2022年9月—2023年9月期间福建中医药大学附属第三人民医院接收的150例高血压患者作为观察组,另选择健康体检者150例为对照组,测定肾小球滤过率（GFR）、SCys-C、Hcy、UmAlb,比较不同血压程度及对照组的各指标水平,比较观察组各指标检测阳性率及诊断符合率,依据GFR值评估肾损害程度,比较不同肾损害程度患者的SCys-C、Hcy、UmAlb水平。结果 高血压2级、高血压3级患者SCys-C、Hcy、UmAlb水平高于高血压1级患者（t=5.255、10.976、21.578,P<0.05;t=7.378、18.012、23.708,P<0.05）及对照组患者（t=8.308、19.675、31.891,P<0.05;t=10.661、31.511、21.578,P<0.05）,高血压3级患者高于高血压2级患者（t=2.776、12.725、7.779,P<0.05）。观察组肾损害患者SCys-C、Hcy、UmAlb的阳性率79.41%、73.53%、83.82%高于无肾损害患者的阳性率6.10%、4.88%、6.10%（χ²=83.733、76.040、92.613,P<0.05）。观察组中重度肾损害、轻度肾损害患者的SCys-C、Hcy、UmAlb水平高于无损害患者（t=7.567、24.214、30.836,P<0.05;t=5.783、16.054、25.164,P<0.05）,中重度肾损害高于轻度肾损害患者（t=2.685、7.179、9.561,P<0.05）。结论 高血压分级越高患者的SCys-C、Hcy、UmAlb水平越高,各指标联合检测的阳性率高,而且SCys-C、Hcy、UmAlb水平越高,肾损害程度越严重。

Objective To explore the application value of serum cystatin C（SCys-C）,homocysteine（Hcy） and urinary microalbumin（UmAlb）in early assessment of renal damage in hypertensive patients．Methods A total of 150 hypertensive patients admitted to the Third People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2022 to September 2023 were selected as the observation group,and 150 healthy individuals were selected as the control group．Glomerular filtration rate（GFR）,serum cystatin C（SCys-C）,homocysteine（Hcy）,and UmAlb were measured,and the levels of various indicators in different blood pressure levels and the control group were compared．The positive rate and diagnostic accuracy of each indicator in the observation group were compared,and the degree of renal damage was evaluated based on GFR values．The levels of SCys-C,Hcy and UmAlb in patients with different degrees of renal damage were compared．Results The levels of SCys-C,Hcy and UmAlb in patients with grade 2 and grade 3 hypertension were significantly higher than those in patients with grade 1 hypertension（t=5.255,10.976,21.578,P<0.05;t=7.378,18.012,23.708,P<0.05）,as well as in the control group（t=8.308,19.675,31.891,P<0.05;t=10.661,31.511,21.578,P<0.05）,patients with grade 3 hypertension were significantly higher than those with grade 2 hypertension（t=2.776,12.725,7.779,P<0.05）．The positive rates of SCys-C,Hcy and UmAlb in patients with renal injury in the observation group were 79.41%,73.53% and 83.82%,which were significantly higher than the positive rates of 6.10%,4.88% and 6.10% in patients without renal injury（χ²=83.733,76.040,92.613,P<0.05）．The levels of SCys-C,Hcy and UmAlb in patients with severe and mild kidney damage in the observation group were significantly higher than those in patients without damage（t=7.567,24.214,30.836,P<0.05;t=5.783,16.054,25.164,P<0.05）,patients with moderate to severe kidney damage were significantly higher than those with mild kidney damage（t=2.685,7.179,9.561,P<0.05）．Conclusions The higher the grading of hypertension,the higher the levels of SCys-C,Hcy and UmAlb in patients,and the higher the positive rate of combined detection of various indicators．Moreover,the higher the levels of SCys-C,Hcy and UmAlb,the more severe the renal damage．

目的 研究添加与不加甲苯对24 h尿微量总蛋白(MPr)和尿微量白蛋白(UMA)定量测定的影响。方法 收集各个浓度段门诊及住院病人的新鲜随机尿共82份,检测即刻与在低、中、高温度条件下,加和不加甲苯保存24 h后尿液MPr和UMA的浓度,通过配对t检验方法检验差异有无统计学意义。结果 即刻尿MPr的值与低中温条件下、有无甲苯的24 h尿MPr的检测值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但与在高温条件有无甲苯检测值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);即刻尿UMA的值与低中温条件下、有无甲苯的24 h尿UMA检测值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),与高温条件下有无甲苯检测值相比,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);同一温度保存24 h,得到尿MPr、尿UMA的检测值,有无甲苯的检测结果比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 实验证明甲苯在24h尿MPr与尿UMA的定量检测中无使用的必要性。

Objective To investigate the effect of toluene in the quantitative detection of 24 hour(24 h) urine micro protein(MPr) and urine micro albumin(UMA). Methods Eighty-two random urine of the patients with different concentrations were collected.The group without toluene and the other group with toluene were stored at the low, medium and high tempreture for 24 h respectively. Then MPr and UMA were measured in 0 h and 24 h. Paired t-test was used to test whether the difference was statisticallysignificant. Results When stored at the low and medium temperature,the results of immediate detection of MPr and UMA were compared with those of the addition of toluene or without for 24 h. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, there was significant difference in MPr and UMA value of urine at high temperature under the same comparison(P<0.05). Stored at the same temperature for 24 hours, the results of MPr and UMA were compared between the adding groups and the non-adding groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference between them. Conclusion The specimens for the quantitative detection of the 24 h MPr and UMA are not need to be added with toluene, and toluene in the urine is not preservatively effective.

目的 观察养血祛瘀方联合血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)或血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)类药物对糖尿病肾病不同分期的疗效。方法 134例糖尿病肾病患者采用随机区组设计方案,以初诊时间(月份)作为配伍因素,随机分为治疗组67例和对照组67例,两组均采用常规西医综合基础治疗,对照组给予ACEI或ARB类药物治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上联用养血祛瘀方治疗,观察60 d,分析两组治疗前后24h尿微量白蛋白、24 h尿蛋白定量、血清C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的变化。结果 对于糖尿病肾病Ⅲ期患者,治疗组较对照组尿蛋白减少,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),治疗组较对照组hs-CRP水平明显下降(P＜0.05);对于糖尿病肾病Ⅳ期患者,治疗组较对照组尿蛋白减少(P＜0.05),治疗组较对照组hs-CRP水平下降(P＜0.05)。结论 养血祛瘀方联合ACEI或ARB类药物可有效减少糖尿病肾病Ⅳ期患者蛋白尿,降低糖尿病肾病患者hs-CRP水平。

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Yang Xue Qu Yu Fang combined with ARB/ACEI on different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Mehtods 134 patients who suffered from diabetic nephropathy were randomly divided into observation group and control group, each of them had 67 cases. The experiment use randomized block design and choose the time (months) of initial diagnosis as the compatibility factors. Both groups were treated by conventional therapy. The control group was given medicine of ARB/ACEI while the observation group was added Yang Xue Qu Yu Fang on the basis of control group. We observed all the patients for 60 days, to compare the microalbuminuria in urine of 24h, the urinary protein of 24h and the serum high sensitive C-reaction protein (Hs-CRP) between two groups before and after treatment. Results For patients of the 3rd stage of diabetic nephropathy, the albuminuria in observation group decreased obviously, but there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05), the serum Hs-CRP in observation group decreased obviously (P<0.05). For patients of the 4rd stage of diabetic nephropathy, the albuminuria in observation group decreased obviously (P<0.05), the serum Hs-CRP in observation group decreased obviously (P<0.05). Conclusion The Yang Xue Qu Yu Fang combined with ARB/ACEI can effectively reduce the albuminuria and can obviously lower the Hs-CRP level in the patients of the 4rd stage of diabetic nephropathy.

目的 探讨血浆凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)和血清蛋白(albumin,Alb)检测在腹内高压(IAH)患者中的临床意义。方法 选取IAH患者30例,另取30例健康者作为对照组,分别检测检验指标PT和ALB。PT检测应用凝固酶法,Alb检测应用溴甲酚绿法。结果 IAH患者组PT、PTR高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),患者组PTA、Alb低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 IAH可引起凝血功能障碍及蛋白丢失,PT和Alb的检测有助于了解IAH患者的病情。

Objective To detect the significance of plasma prothrombin time(PT)and serum albumin(Alb)in patients with intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH). Methods Selected 30 patients with IAH,another 30 healthy persons as control group,were dectected PT and ALB.Coagulase method was used to dectect PT,bromocresol green method was used to dectect ALB. Results PT and PTR in IAH group were significantly higher than those in control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05),PTA and ALB in IAH group were significantly lower than those in control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion IAH may cause coagulation dysfunction and loss of protein,detection of PT and Alb is helpful to the understanding of the disease in patients with IAH.

       焦虑症是最常见的精神障碍，区别于生理性焦虑，患者常表现出持续的焦虑状态。越来越多证据表明，抑制性神经元参与生理性焦虑的产生和消退，而这类神经元功能异常与焦虑症的发生密切相关。小清蛋白（PV）神经元是一类主要的抑制性中间神经元，广泛分布于大脑皮质和其他脑区，并且具有独特形态和功能。PV神经元可通过快速放电活动精确控制局部微环路和大脑网络活动，进而调控焦虑发生。文章综述PV神经元如何介导生理性焦虑及其功能异常及如何导致焦虑症的产生，重点介绍了PV神经元的解剖和功能特性，这些特性使它们拥有快速和强力的抑制作用，能够快速调控神经网络活动，和PV神经元以及相关的神经环路调控焦虑发生的环路机制，以及PV神经元调控焦虑发生的分子机制，并展望未来的研究方向，以期为开发新的焦虑症干预策略提供科学依据。

       Anxiety disorders，distinct from physiological anxiety，are characterized by a chronic and pervasive state of heightened anxiety and represent the most common mental diseases．Emerging evidence implicates inhibitory neurons in both the generation and extinction of physiological anxiety，with dysfunction in these neurons strongly associated with the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders．Among inhibitory neurons，parvalbumin（PV）-positive interneuron，a key subset with unique morphological and functional characteristics，are widely distributed across the cerebral cortex and various brain regions．These neurons exert rapid，potent inhibitory control over local microcircuits and broader neural networks through their fast-spiking activity，making them integral to the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors．This review highlights three key aspects：the anatomical and functional properties of PV neurons；their role in circuit mechanisms；the molecular pathways by which PV neurons regulate anxiety．By elucidating the role of PV neurons in modulating physiological anxiety and highlighting their dysfunction in anxiety disorders，this review aims to inform future research and foster the development of novel therapeutic interventions for anxiety disorders．