目的 分析重症流感相关性脑病患儿的临床特点及诊治要点。方法 回顾性分析2017年5月—2020年4月收入我院PICU的17例重症流感相关性脑病患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 17例患儿中男性10例、女性7例,起病年龄3(2～5)岁。所有患儿均出现发热,1(0～3.5)天后出现神经系统症状,包括惊厥发作(88%)和昏迷(88%)。头颅影像学检查病变主要分布在丘脑、脑干、髓质脑室周围白质,呈对称性和多灶性改变。经颅多普勒检查出现脑血流速度减慢呈震荡波、钉子波的5例患儿均死亡。16例患儿予机械通气,2例予连续性肾替代治疗,死亡8例,存活者出院前均遗留不同程度神经系统损害。结论 儿童重症流感相关性脑病以发热、惊厥和昏迷为主要表现,头颅影像学及脑电图、经颅多普勒等检查有助于早期诊断和预后判断,早期联合应用甲强龙冲击及IVIG的有效性仍需进一步研究。

Objective To analyze the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of severe influenza-associated encephalopathy in children. Methods The clinical data of 17 children with severe influenza-associated encephalopathy admitted to PICU from May 2017 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 17 cases, 10 were male and 7 were female, and the onset age was 3 (2-5) years old. All children developed fever, and neurological symptoms 1 (0-3.5) days later, including seizures (88%) and coma (88%). The lesions were mainly distributed in the thalamus, brainstem and medullary ventricular white matter, showing symmetry and multifocal changes. All the 5 cases with slowed cerebral blood flow velocity and presented shock wave or nail wave died. 16 children were on mechanical ventilation, 2 with continuous renal replacement therapy, and 8 died. All the survivors had varying degrees of neurological damage before discharge. Conclusion Severe influenza-associated encephalopathy of childhood is mainly characterized by fever, convulsions and coma. Cranial imaging, EEG, TCD and other examinations are helpful for early diagnosis and prognosis judgment. The effectiveness of early combined application of methylprednisolone and IVIG still needs further study.

     目的   探讨综合康复训练对脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者的应用效果及认知功能影响。方法   选取2022年2月—2023年2月暨南大学附属广州红十字会医院收治的80例脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者展开前瞻性研究，应用抽签法将其分为综合康复组与常规组，各40例。常规组实施常规干预，综合康复组在常规组基础上增加综合康复训练，对比其认知功能，简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）、美国国立卫生院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分变化，运动功能与平衡功能，日常生活能力与生活质量。结果   干预后综合康复组患者洛文斯顿作业疗法认知量表评分注意力为（3.36±0.42）分、思维运动为（17.34±2.31）分、定向力为（13.19±1.24）分，均高于常规组，且两组干预后高于干预前（P＜0.05）；干预后综合康复组患者MMSE评分为（25.58±4.12）分高于常规组，且两组干预后高于干预前，NIHSS评分为（14.53±2.62）分，低于常规组，且两组干预后低于干预前（P＜0.05）；干预后综合康复组患者Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表评分为（14.51±3.23）分、手臂动作调查测试表评分为（26.86±5.25）分、平衡量表评分为（43.06±5.13）分，高于常规组，且两组干预后高于干预前（P＜0.05）；干预后综合康复组患者日常生活活动能力量表评分为（53.02±4.43）分、脑卒中专用生活质量量表评分为（97.11±12.23）分，高于常规组，且两组干预后高于干预前（P＜0.05）。结论   针对脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者采取综合康复训练可促进患者认知功能恢复，提升患者运动功能及机体平衡功能，改善患者智力水平与神经功能，进一步提升患者日常生活能力与生活质量。

        Objective  To explore the effect of comprehensive  rehabilitation training on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment after stroke．Methods  A  prospective  study was conducted on  80  patients with mild cognitive impairment after stroke，who admitted to the hospital from February 2022 to February 2023．They were divided into a comprehensive rehabilitation group and a control group using a lottery method，with 40 patients in each group．The control group  received  routine intervention，while the comprehensive  rehabilitation group  received additional comprehensive  rehabilitation training on the basis of the control group．Their cognitive function，Mini Mental State Examination Scale（MMSE），National  Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in the United States（NIHSS）score changes，motor function and balance function，daily living ability and quality of life were compared．Results  After intervention，the Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Scale scores of attention（3.36±0.42），thinking and motor（17.34±2.31），and orientation（13.19±1.24）in the comprehensive  rehabilitation group were higher than those in the control group，and both groups had higher scores after intervention than before（P＜0.05）．After intervention，the MMSE score（25.58±4.12）of patients in the comprehensive rehabilitation group was higher than that of the control group，and both groups had higher scores after intervention compared to those before intervention．The NIHSS score（14.53±2.62）was lower than that of the control group，and both groups had lower scores after intervention compared to those before intervention（P＜0.05）．After intervention，the Fugl Meyer Assessment score（14.51±3.23），Arm Movement Survey Test Form score（26.86±5.25），and Balance Scale score（43.06±5.13）in the comprehensive rehabilitation group were higher than those in the control group，and both groups had higher scores after intervention than before（P＜0.05）．After intervention，the Basic Activity of Daily Living score（53.02±4.43）and stroke specific quality of life score（97.11±12.23）in the comprehensive  rehabilitation group were higher than those in the control group，and both groups had higher scores after intervention than before（P＜0.05）．Conclusions  Comprehensive  rehabilitation training for patients with mild cognitive impairment after stroke can promote cognitive function recovery，improve motor function and balance function，enhance intelligence and neurological function，and further improve daily living ability and quality of life．