目的 了解高职医学生职业决策困难现状及其主要影响因素,提出改善对策。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,选取广州市某职业院校740名全日制医学生进行问卷调查。结果 被调查高职医学生职业决策困难总平均分值为(3.55±0.647),其中职业规划探索维度均分最低为(3.42±0.797),其它维度均分从低到高分别是职业目标探索(3.49±0.766)、职业信息探索(3.58±0.678)和职业自我探索(3.69±0.659);单因素方差分析结果显示,不同专业、所在专业是否为第一志愿、不同家庭所在地的高职医学生职业决策困难分值均存在差异(P<0.05);多元逐步回归分析结果显示,家庭所在地、学校职业规划指导课程、兼职或见习的经历、学校活动(就业指导讲座、职业规划大赛等)、对所学专业的就业前景很乐观、学校提供了充足的就业信息、曾参加过创新创业大赛,是医学生职业决策困难的预测因素(P<0.05)。结论 高职医学生职业决策困难程度处于中等水平,学校可通过开展有针对性的职业指导,建立系统的职业决策困难测评与干预体系,搭建实践、就业服务平台等方法改善高职医学生职业决策困难状况,为学生提供强有力的支持与保障;政府可加大政策导向,引导高职医学生面向基层就业。

Objective To understand the current situation and main influencing factors of career decision-making difficulties of higher vocational medical students, and put forward improvement countermeasures. Methods The method of stratified cluster sampling was adopted, with 740 full-time medical students from a vocational college in Guangzhou being investigated. Results The average score of career decision-making difficulty of medical students surveyed in higher vocational colleges was (3.55±0.647), in which the average score of the career planning exploration was the lowest (3.42±0.797), and the average scores of other dimensions from low to high were career goal exploration (3.49±0.766), career information exploration (3.58±0.678) and career self-exploration (3.69±0.659). The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant differences in the scores of career decision-making difficulties of medical students in higher vocational colleges among different majors, the major being the first choice or not, and different living places (P<0.05). The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that family location, school guidance courses for career planning, part-time or trainee experience, school activities (employment guidance lectures, career planning competitions, etc.), being optimistic about the employment prospects of their majors, schools providing sufficient employment information, and having participated in innovation and entrepreneurship competitions were predictors of difficulties in career decision-making for medical students (P<0.05). Conclusions The difficulty of career decision-making of medical students in higher vocational colleges was in the middle level. Schools can establish a systematic evaluation and intervention system aiming at career decision-making difficulties by carrying out targeted career guidance, and build practice and employment service platform to improve the career decision-making difficulties of medical students in higher vocational colleges, and to provide strong support and security for students. The government can enhance policy guidance for medical students in higher vocational colleges to apply for primary hospital.

目的 探讨激光心肌血运重建(Transmyocardial Laser revascularization, TMLR)辅助冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗严重冠心病的临床疗效及 11年随访结果。方法 25例严重冠心病患者行不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass, OPCAB)并辅以激光心肌血运重建术(TMLR组),回顾性总结了其术前、术中、术后及 11年随访资料,并与同期进行的 95例单纯不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB组)病人资料进行比较分析。结果 TMLR组在平均远端吻合口数比 OPCAB组少,而手术时间、术后硝普钠用量比OPCAB组多,其他如术后机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、术后住院天数和术后常见并发症,2组之间均无差异;平均 11年随访资料中,胸闷痛、心衰、新出现 ST-T改变发生率、再发急性心梗、再次 PCI处理、LVEF和血管桥闭塞率,2组间无明显区别;死亡率二者之间也没有区别。结论 TMLR术辅助冠状动脉旁路移植术虽然手术时间比较长,血管活性药物应用较多,但术后康复和 11年随访资料显示与单纯 OPCAB术有相似的结果,说明 TMLR术作为冠状动脉旁路移植术的补充,对那些冠脉血管细小且钙化狭窄严重而不适合冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心病患者是获益的。

Objective To explore and analyze the clinical effect of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) combined transmyocardial laser revascularization(TMLR) of severe coronary artery disease and 11 years follow-up. Methods 25 cases with sever coronary artery disease were treated through OPCAB and TMLR, and the clinical data and 11 years follow-up data were summarized and analyzed retrospectively, compared with the data of the patients treated by only OPCAB. Results There were less mean bypass graft numbers in TMLR group than in OPCAB group. Operation time and the amount of sodium nitroprusside in TMLR group were more than that in OPCAB group. But intubation time, ICU stay time, postoperative stay time and postoperative common complications were not different between two groups. 11 years postoperative follow-up results indicated that chest pain, heart disfunction, ST-T alteration, AMI, PCI treatment again, LVEF and bypass graft occlusion rate were not obviously between two groups. Conclusion TMLR combined OPCAB may result in good outcome and improve long term survival.

目的 探究血必净联合乌司他丁治疗重症急性胰腺炎的疗效及对血清细胞因子水平的影响。方法 选择2016年2月—2017年3月我院收治的重症急性胰腺炎患者88例,随机将其为两组,各44例。对照组采用乌司他丁治疗,在此基础上给予观察组血必净治疗,比较2组临床疗效、血清细胞因子及药物不良反应。结果 观察组总有效率较对照组高,TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP水平较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组不良反应率略低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 血必净联合乌司他丁可提高重症急性胰腺炎临床疗效,减轻炎性反应,且不增加不良反应率,安全性较高。