目的 构建并验证机械通气患儿肠内营养支持发生误吸的风险预测模型。方法 回顾性分析中山市博爱医院2021年3月—2023年3月儿童重症监护病房330例行机械通气并进行肠内营养的患儿临床资料,通过二元Logistic回归,获取机械通气患儿肠内营养支持发生误吸的预测因素,绘制列线图模型,并进行模型评价及验证。结果 330例机械通气患儿中,104例患儿发生误吸、226例未发生误吸。两组患儿在意识状态、机械通气方式、管饲量、胃残留量、胃管置入深度、促胃动力药、镇静剂等方面对比差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。二元Logistic结果显示,胃残留量、机械通气方式、管饲量、意识状态、胃管置入深度、促胃动力药、镇静剂是机械通气患儿肠内营养支持发生误吸的影响因素（P<0.05）。建模组AUC为0.810（95%CI：0.760~0.860）,Hosmer-Lemesh结果显示,χ²=3.245,P=0.846;外部验证组AUC为0.873（95%CI：0.831~0.914）,Hosmer-Lemesh结果显示,χ²=3.567,P=0.875。建模组和训练组DCA曲线大部分落于Y=0上方。建模组与外部验证组校准曲线均与参考曲线高度贴合,预测概率与实际概率接近,校准度良好。结论 基于胃残留量、机械通气方式、管饲量、意识状态、胃管置入深度、促胃动力药、镇静剂等7项指标构建的风险预测模型具有一定的临床价值,可作为医护人员识别肠内营养机械通气误吸高危患儿的工具。

Objective To establish and verify the risk prediction model of enteral nutritional aspiration in children with mechanical ventilation．Methods The clinical data of 330 children who underwent mechanical ventilation and enteral nutrition in the PICU of Zhongshan Boai Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed．The independent predictive factors of enteral nutrition support aspiration in children with mechanical ventilation were obtained by binary Logistic regression,and the nomographic model was drawn,and the model was evaluated and verified. Results Among 330 children with mechanical ventilation,104 had aspiration and 226 did not．There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in consciousness state,mechanical ventilation mode,tube feeding amount,gastric residual amount,gastric tube insertion depth,gastric motivity drugs,sedatives,etc.（P<0.05）．Binary Logistic results showed that gastric residual amount,mechanical ventilation mode,tube feeding amount,state of consciousness,depth of gastric tube insertion,gastric motonics and sedatives were the influential factors of enteral nutritional aspiration in children with mechanical ventilation（P<0.05）．The AUC of the modeling group was 0.810（95%CI：0.760-0.860）,and the Hosmer-Lemesh result showed that χ²=3.245,P=0.846．The AUC of the external verification group was 0.873（95%CI：0.831-0.914）,and the Hosmer-Lemesh result showed that χ²=3.567,P=0.875．The DCA curves of modeling group and training group mostly were above Y=0．The calibration curves of the modeling group and the external verification group are highly fit to the reference curves,and the prediction probability was close to the actual probability,and the calibration degree was good．Conclusion sThe risk prediction model based on 7 indexes,including stomach residual amount,mechanical ventilation mode,tube feeding amount,state of consciousness,depth of gastric tube insertion,gastric motivity drug and sedative,with certain clinical value,and can be used as a tool for medical staff to identify children at high risk of enteral nutritional mechanical aspiration．

目的 对临床护士实施预防住院患者误吸教育干预,评价干预措施对护士预防误吸知识及护理行为的影响。方法 选取我院神经系统相关科室的110名护士为研究对象,通过一系列教育干预,对比干预前后护士在预防误吸知识及护理行为等方面的改变,评估干预措施的效果。结果 110名护士均对培训满意;培训前护士预防误吸知识的平均得分为(65.6±9.6)分,培训后平均得分为(92.5±6.5)分,培训前后得分的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培训后89份(89%)跟踪调查卷明确表示护士在工作中运用了培训所学的知识。结论 对护士进行有组织、有计划的教育干预能提高护士预防与处理患者误吸的知识水平,并能对护士预防和处理患者误吸的行为产生积极影响。

Objective To evaluate the effect of educating nurses on how to prevent and reduce aspiration rate of patients. Methods 110 nurses were recruited from neurological department in our hospital and were trained systematically about the prevention and nursing of aspiration. We compared the scores they had before and after training. Results 110 nurses were all satisfied with the training. The pre-education test score about the aspiration knowledge was 65.6±9.6 while the post-education test score was 92.5±6.5. The difference of the score before and after training was statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The follow-up study indicated that 89% nurses are applying the knowledge gained from the training to their clinical work. Conclusion It's suggested that well-organized educational training may improve nurses' performance of preventing patients from aspiration and treating patients when they had aspiration, which left a positive effect on nurses' behavior.