目的 探讨高分辨率低剂量CT（HRLDCT）在无症状健康体检者筛查肺部疾病和肺外病变的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析于2011年1月—2021年12月在广州市第一人民医院行胸部HRLDCT检查的1 940例无症状健康体检者的影像学资料,由两位研究者分别评估和记录所有受检者的每一个阳性CT病征征象,分析各个阳性CT征象在总受检人群中的检出情况、各个阳性CT征象在性别、年龄分层中的分布情况,以及肺外阳性CT征象检出情况。比较肺癌和肺良性结节在不同性别、不同年龄段分布中的检出情况。结果 共有1 831例受检者存在阳性CT征象,总检出率为94.38%,共检出3 339个阳性CT征象。检出率最高的阳性CT征象是肺部良性结节（1 630例,84.02%）。在973例男性受检者中,检出肺癌22例（2.26%）,肺良性结节 815例（83.73%）;在967例女性受检者中,检出肺癌19例（1.96%）,肺良性结节815例（84.28%）,肺癌与肺良性结节在不同性别间的检出率比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.64,χ²=0.214）。肺部阳性CT征象的检出率随年龄的增长而升高,肺癌与肺良性结节最多见于51~60岁受检人群中,两者在51~60岁和61~70岁中的检出率比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.038,χ²=4.32）。此外,检出最多的肺外其他阳性CT征象为脂肪肝,共497例（25.62%）,其次是冠状动脉钙化173例（8.90%）。结论 HRLDCT在胸部的健康体检中可同时用于肺部疾病的筛查及发现肺外异常征象,具有较高的临床应用价值。

Objective To investigate the application value of high-resolution low-dose CT（HRLDCT）in screening for lung diseases and extra-pulmonary lesions in asymptomatic healthy individuals．Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the images of 1 940 asymptomatic healthy individuals who underwent chest HRLDCT examination in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2021．Two investigators conducted independent evaluations and recordings of each positive CT sign in all individuals．An analysis of the detection rates of positive CT signs in the entire population,examining their distribution across various gender and age groups was involved in this study．The detection of positive CT signs outside the lung was also investigated．Additionally,the comparative analysis of lung cancer and benign pulmonary nodules detection across various genders and age cohorts were performed．Results A comprehensive count of 1831 individuals exhibited positive CT signs,resulting in an overall detection rate of 94．38%,with identifying a total of 3339 positive CT signs．The positive CT sign with the highest detection rate was benign pulmonary nodule（1 630 cases,84.02%）．In 973 male participants,22 cases of lung cancer were detected（2.26%）,and 815 cases of benign lung nodules were found（83.73%）．In 967 female participants,19 cases of lung cancer were detected（1.96%）,and 815 cases of benign lung nodules were identified（84.28%）．Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the detection rates of lung cancer and benign lung nodules between genders（P=0.64,χ²=0.214）．The prevalence of positive CT signs in the lungs demonstrates an upward trend with advancing age．Notably,individuals aged 51-60 exhibit a higher incidence of lung cancer and benign lung nodules．A statistically significant disparity in the detection rates of these conditions is observed between the 51-60 and 61-70 age cohorts（P=0.038,χ²=4.32）．In addition,the most frequently detected extrapulmonary positive CT findings were fatty liver,with a total of 497 cases（25.62%）,followed by coronary artery calcification with 173 cases（8.90%）．Conclusion sHRLDCT can be effectively employed in the screening of pulmonary conditions and identification of extra-pulmonary abnormalities during thoracic health assessments,demonstrating considerable clinical significance．

目的 基于防控要求,快速建立临时隔离病区,合理优化影像学检查,更好的加强病区的管理工作,控制新型肺炎、防止交叉感染。方法 基于我院现有条件、人员、检查设备,结合抗击SARS经验,合理调整病区布局,建立有效的就诊,分诊,转运机制,明确工作职责,优化检查流程,放射检查防控等。结果 自新型肺炎临时病区建立以来,无1例医护人员感染和院内交叉感染。结论 思想重视,认真落实分诊,就诊;转运措施得当,科学防控,一站式,一体化,快速有效的检查方式,快速建立临时隔离病区,防止交叉感染的发生。在防控COVID-19新型肺炎中可以发挥巨大作用。

Objective Based on prevention and control requirements, to establish temporary isolation of ward quickly, rationally optimize medical imaging examinations and strengthen the management of ward to control the novel pneumonia, and prevent cross infection. Methods Based on the existing materials conditions, personnels, and examination equipments of our hospital, combined with the experiences of fighting against SARS, we rationally adjust the layout of the ward, establish an effective consultation, triage, and transfer mechanism, clarify job responsibilities, optimize examination procedures, and take strict prevention and control measures of medical imaging examinations. Results Since the establishment of the COVID-19 temporary ward, there was no cases of medical staff infection and nosocomial infection. Conclusion Highly valued opinion, conscientiously implements triage-visit-transportation measures, scientific prevention and control, one-stop-integrated fast and effective examination procedures and quickly establishement of a temporary isolation ward have played a huge role in preventing and controlling COVID-19.