腺苷至肌苷RNA编辑（AIRE）是指转录前体RNA在腺苷酸脱氨酶的作用下,某些位点的腺苷发生脱氨反应转变成肌苷的过程,在碱基配对时,肌苷被识别作鸟苷,导致转录组重编写。随着高通量测序技术的不断进步,大量异常的AIRE被发现可导致氨基酸编码改变、RNA剪切异常以及microRNA-mRNA重定向等过程,从而参与肿瘤的发生发展。绝大部分的AIRE位点均位于基因非编码区,解析它们的生物学功能仍存在一定的挑战。本综述旨在描述AIRE的生物学机制和AIRE位点在不同肿瘤发生发展作用的进展,为AIRE与肿瘤的研究提供思路。

Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing（AIRE）is catalysed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA（ADARs）,which converts adenosine to inosine in nascent RNA．Since inosine is recognized as guanosine in post-transcriptional process,AIRE is functionally approximate to an A-to-G mutation and results in transcriptome recoding．With the continuous advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology,a large number of abnormal AIRE events have been found to exert different biological mechanisms such as amino acid changes,RNA splicing abnormalities and microRNA-mRNA redirection,which plays an important role in the development of human tumorigenesis．Most of AIRE sites are located in non-coding region,which brings challenges in analyzing their biological functions．This review aims to describe the biological mechanisms of AIRE and the relationship between AIRE sites and the development of different tumor types,providing ideas for the study of AIRE and tumors．

目的 探索蟾毒灵对舌鳞状细胞癌Tca8113细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及可能作用机制。方法 以人舌鳞癌Tca8113细胞为研究对象,MTT法检测10、20、40、80、160 nmol/L浓度蟾毒灵体外抑制Tca8113细胞增殖的活性;检测蟾毒灵干预下肿瘤细胞Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活性的变化;Western blot发检测Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3蛋白表达。结果 蟾毒灵有抑制Tca8113细胞的活性,且呈剂量-时间依赖性;在蟾毒灵干预下Tca8113细胞Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶收到抑制;Western blot结果显示凋亡相关Bax、caspase-3蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调。结论 蟾毒灵通过抑制细胞膜Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活性,通过调节Bcl-2凋亡通路的相关蛋白,最终激活caspase-3,诱导人舌鳞癌Tca8113细胞凋亡。

Objective To explore the effects of bufalin on proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cells and its possible mechanism. Methods Tca8113 cells were treated with 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 nmol/L Tca8113 cells in vitro. MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of bufalin on the proliferation of Tca8113 cells; And the activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in tumor cells was detected by the interference of bufalin; The expression of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 protein was detected by Western blot. Results Bufalin inhibited the activity of Tca8113 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner; Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in Tca8113 cells was inhibited by bufalin; The results of Western blot showed that the expression of Bax and caspase-3 protein was up-regulated and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated. Conclusion Bufalin induced the apoptosis of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cells by inhibiting the activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and regulating the related proteins of Bcl-2 apoptosis pathway, finally activating caspase-3.

目的 探讨年轻恶性肿瘤化疗女性的发病情况及保留生育功能和卵巢功能的意义。方法 回顾性分析和总结在我院行化疗的17～40岁年轻恶性肿瘤女性患者的年龄、肿瘤类别、构成等临床资料。结果 5年间在我院化疗的1261例女性恶性肿瘤患者中,年龄15～40岁者共786例(占62.3％),其中乳腺癌355例、大肠癌89例、白血病80例、宫颈癌67例、卵巢癌46例、恶性淋巴瘤39例,胃癌38例,肺癌30例,肝癌18例。15～25岁年龄段的女性恶性肿瘤化疗以白血病和卵巢癌为主。随年龄增长,大部分女性恶性肿瘤化疗的发生率增高。结论 15～40岁年轻恶性肿瘤化疗女性中乳腺癌占首位,其次为大肠癌、白血病和宫颈癌。保留年轻患者卵巢功能和生育功能的保守治疗具有重要意义。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of malignant tumor in young women receiving chemotherapy aged from 15 to 40 and investigate the role of conservative treatment. Methods The clinical data of female aged from15 to 40 years old who were received chemotherapy in our hospital between 2010 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 786 cases were identified from 1261 cases of malignant tumor receiving chemotherapy. Including 355 cases of breast cancer,89 cases of colorectal cancer,80 cases of leukemia,67 cases of cervical carcinoma,46 cases of ovarian cancer,39 cases of lymphoma,38 cases of gastric cancer,30 cases of lung cancer and 18 cases of liver cancer. Leukemia and ovarian cancer is the most common malignant tumor in young female between 15 to 25 years old. The cases of malignant tumor receiving chemotherapy increased with increasing age. Conclusion Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in young female receiving chemotherapy, followed by colorectal cancer, leukemia, and cervical carcinoma. It is very important to conserve young women's ovary function and fertility function.