目的 分析2024年2月至2026年2月郑州人民医院收治的急性下呼吸道感染（ALRTI）患儿的病原体分布情况及其流行病学特征。方法 选取2024年2月—2026年2月于郑州人民医院就诊的193例ALRTI患儿为研究对象，采集患儿咽拭子样本，统计患儿病原体检测结果，比较不同性别、不同年龄段、不同发病季节患儿病原体分布情况。结果 193例患儿中，经病原体检测出阳性患儿165例，总阳性检出率85.49%，检出率最高的前三位为RSV（20.73%）、MP（19.69%）、HRV（15.54%）；婴儿期患儿RSV感染占比（44.83%）最高，其次为HRV感染（20.69%），幼儿期患儿RSV、HRV、MP感染占比（17.31%、17.31%、19.23%）均较高，学龄前、学龄期患儿MP感染占比（33.33%、26.32%）最高，婴儿期患儿混合感染占比（6.90%）较低，学龄前患儿混合感染占比（20.00%）较高；春季时，各病原体分布较均衡，HRV、MP、SP感染占比（14.58%、12.50%、14.58%）均较高，夏季、秋季时，MP感染率（31.82%、28.85%）较高，冬季时，RSV感染率（55.10%）较高，四个季节中混合感染患儿占比较接近，其中秋季感染率（17.31%）相对较高。结论 2024年至2026年郑州人民医院收治的急性下呼吸道感染患儿病原体中，RSV、MP为主要病原体，各呼吸道病原体随患儿年龄段、季节变化存在不同发病高峰，临床应结合实际情况早期鉴别病原体，以指导临床制定针对性治疗方案，改善患儿预后。

Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens and the epidemiological characteristics of children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from February 2024 to February 2026. Methods: A total of 193 pediatric patients with ALRTI who visited Zhengzhou People’s Hospital between February 2024 and February 2026 were selected as study subjects. Throat swab samples were collected from the patients, and pathogen testing results were compiled to compare the distribution of pathogens across different genders, age groups, and seasons of onset. Results: Among the 193 children, 165 tested positive for pathogens, resulting in an overall positive detection rate of 85.49%. The top three most frequently detected pathogens were RSV (20.73%), MP (19.69%), and HRV (15.54%); RSV infection had the highest prevalence (44.83%) among infants, followed by HRV infection (20.69%). Among preschoolers, the prevalence of RSV, HRV, and MP infections (17.31%, 17.31%, and 19.23%, respectively) was relatively high. MP infections were most common among preschool and school-age children (33.33% and 26.32%, respectively); the proportion of mixed infections was lower among infants (6.90%) but higher among preschoolers (20.00%); In spring, the distribution of pathogens was relatively balanced, with high proportions of HRV, MP, and SP infections (14.58%, 12.50%, and 14.58%, respectively). In summer and fall, the MP infection rate was high (31.82% and 28.85%, respectively). In winter, the RSV infection rate (55.10%) was high. The proportion of children with mixed infections was relatively similar across the four seasons, with a relatively higher infection rate (17.31%) in autumn. Conclusion: Among the pathogens identified in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from 2024 to 2026, RSV and MP were the primary pathogens. The incidence peaks of various respiratory pathogens varied according to the children’s age groups and seasons. Clinicians should conduct early pathogen identification based on actual conditions to guide the development of targeted treatment plans and improve patient outcomes.

目的 探讨揭阳地区急性下呼吸道感染住院患儿病毒病原学特点。方法 对2 125例急性下呼吸道感染患儿应用直接免疫荧光法(DIF)进行A型流感病毒(甲型流感病毒IFA)、B型流感病毒(乙型流感病毒IFB)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(AdV)、副流感病毒1(PIVⅠ)、2(PIVⅡ)和3型(PIVⅢ)进行病毒学检测。结果 2 125例患儿鼻咽部分泌物标本中有538例检测出至少1种病毒,总阳性率25.3％,其中RSV 阳性率(19.7%)明显高于其他病毒,具有统计学意义。春、夏、冬季的RSV阳性率大致相当,明显高于秋季。婴儿期组RSV阳性率(27.2%)最高,幼儿期组(18.7%)次之,均显著高于学龄前期、学龄期,后2组阳性率无统计学差异,青春期组未检出RSV。结论 病毒是急性下呼吸道感染的重要病原体,而其中又以RSV为著,RSV感染具有显著的季节性和年龄特征性。

Objective To investigate the viral etiology feature in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory infection in Jieyang area. Methods A total of 2 125 children with acute lower respiratory tract infection were screened by direct immune fluorescence assay (DIF) for influenza virus A (IFA), influenza virus B (IFB), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (AdV), parainfluenza virus I (PIV Ⅰ), PIV Ⅱ and PIV Ⅲ. Results In 2 125 cases of nasopharyngeal secretory specimens, 538 cases were detected at least one kinds of viruses. The total positive rate was 25.3%, of which the positive rate of RSV (19.7%) was higher than that of other viruses. The positive rate of RSV was similar in spring, summer and winter, much higher than that in autumn.The positive rate of RSV in infancy group (27.2%) was the highest,then the second was the toddler's age(18.7%), both of which were higher than that in preschool age group and school age group. There was no significant difference in the positive rate between preschool age group and school age group. In addition, RSV was not detected in the adolescence group. Conclusion Virus is an important pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection. The most common virus is RSV, infection of which has seasonal and age characteristics.