目的 研究与分析放大内镜在内镜下黏膜剥离术（ESD）治疗食管早期癌及癌前病变中的作用。方法 选取2020年1月—2022年7月我院收治的明确诊断为食管癌的患者为观察对象,研究者为其一级亲属40岁以上经普通内镜发现食管异常病灶同时行放大内镜检查者。据疑病处食管黏膜上皮乳头内毛细血管袢（IPCL）变化,判断病变性质估计侵犯深度。疑早期食管癌及癌前病变者行ESD治疗,疑进展期食管癌者行外科手术治疗,送整体标本病理检查。结果 食管癌一级亲属40岁以上患者经普通内镜发现食管异常病灶同时行放大内镜检查者共128例,其中行ESD和外科手术取得整体病理标本102例。对比放大胃镜术前判断和术后整体病理标本,判断性质方面放大内镜对食管早期病变诊断的总体准确率为87.3%,诊断食管早期鳞癌的灵敏度为97.8%,特异度为15.4%,阳性预测值88.8%,阴性预测值50%。判断浸润层次方面,放大内镜对食管早期鳞癌深度诊断的总体准确率为69%,B1型血管对浸润深度正确诊断率为90.6%,灵敏度为70.6%,B2型血管对浸润深度正确诊断为32.2%,灵敏度为76.9%,B3型血管对浸润深度正确诊断为66.7%,灵敏度为33.3%。结论 放大内镜在ESD下治疗食管早期鳞癌及癌前病变患者,可对食管病变性质准确判断,提升病变检出率,实践价值较高。

Objective To investigate and analyze the role of magnifying endoscopy in endoscopic submucosal dissection（ESD）in the treatment of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions．Methods Esophageal cancer patients in our hospital from January 2020 to July 2022 were selected as the observation objects,the investigator was a first-degree relative over 40 years old who found abnormal esophageal lesions through ordinary endoscopy,and underwent magnifying endoscopy,according to suspected esophageal mucosal epithelial nipple capillary loop（IPCL）changes,defined the nature of the lesion to estimate the invasion depth．Patients with suspected early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions were given ESD treatment,and those with suspected progressive esophageal cancer underwent surgical treatment,and were sent to the whole specimen for pathological examination．Results A total of 128 patients with first-degree relatives of esophageal cancer over 40 years old were found to have simultaneous enlarged endoscopy simultaneously through common endoscopy,among which 102 patients had obtained overall pathological specimens by ESD and surgery．Comparing the preoperative diagnosis of magnifying gastroscopy and the postoperative overall pathological specimens,the overall accuracy of magnifying endoscopy for the diagnosis of early esophageal lesions was 87.3%,the sensitivity of detecting early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was 97.8%,specificity was 15.4%,the positive predictive value was 88.8%,and the negative predictive value was 50%．In terms of invasion level,the overall accuracy of magnifying endoscopy for the depth diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was 69%,90.6% accuracy and 70.6% sensitivity of B1 vessels,32.2% and 76.9% of B2 vessels,66.7% and 33.3% of B3 vessels．Conclusions The magnifying endoscopic treatment of patients with early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions under ESD can accurately diagnosis the nature of esophageal lesions,improve the detection rate of lesions,and has high practical value．

现代人面临更大的工作与生活压力,每天的生活节奏较快,因此经常出现饮食不规律、饮食结构不合理等现象,这样就增加了肠胃疾病的发生率。胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）以人体胃肠道最为常见的肿瘤疾病,该病患者占全部胃肠道间叶性肿瘤患者人数的80%以上。GIST根据疾病进展、间质瘤体积等不同因素又能够分为不同的疾病类型,需采取对应的诊断措施与治疗措施。本文将针对胃小间质瘤的流行病学、临床症状、临床诊断以及治疗措施等进行研究与分析,以供参考。

Modern people are facing greater pressure in work and life,and the pace of daily life is fast．Therefore,irregular diet and unreasonable diet structure often occur,which increases the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases．Gastrointestinal stromal tumor（GIST）is the most common tumor disease in human gastrointestinal tract,accounting for over 80% of all patients with gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors．GIST can be divided into different types according to different factors such as disease progression and stromal tumor volume,thus corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic measures should be taken．This paper studied and analyzed the epidemiology,clinical symptoms,clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric small stromal tumors for reference．

目的 探讨内科治疗的高血压基底节区出血的疗效及预后相关的因素。方法 回顾性分析2005年4月—2014年12月贵阳市第二人民医院神经外科收治的174例高血压脑出血患者的临床资料,所有患者均采用内科保守治疗,对疗效及影响患者预后的因素进行分析。结果 174例患者中,死亡50例,持续植物生存状态4例,对124例存活患者进行随访,随访时间2~117个月,随访ADL分级Ⅰ级43例,Ⅱ级53例,Ⅲ级21例,Ⅳ级3例,Ⅴ级4例,预后较好者(ADL分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级)96例,预后不良者(ADL分级Ⅲ~Ⅴ级)28例。χ²检验显示入院 GCS评分和出血量是影响患者预后的因素。结论 影响高血压基底节区脑出血患者的预后因素较多,GCS评分较高、出血量少的患者可采用内科治疗,多数患者预后较好。

Objective To investigate treatment efficacy and the factors influencing prognosis of conservative treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 174 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia who were admitted to our hospital during the period from April 2005 to December 2014. All the patients were given internal medicine conservative treatment and followed up to observe the clinical curative effect to analyze the prognosis. Results Of the 174 patients, 50 patients died and 4 patients were persistent vegetative state. 124 patients were followed up for 2-117 months and they were classified according to ability of daily life(ADL) prognosis scale: 43 cases were in I grade, 53 cases in II grade, 21 cases in III grade, 3 cases in IV grade, 4 cases in V grade. 96 cases achieved favourable outcomes and 28 cases got poor outcomes.The results of Chi square test revealed that GCS scale and intracerebral hemorrhage volume were the factors influencing prognostic of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia. Conclusion There were many prognosis factors related with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. The curative effect and prognosis in patients with conservative treatment is obvious in these patients with high GCS scale and less intracerebral hemorrhage volume.