融合基因是指两个独立基因的编码区首尾相连所形成的且置于同一套调控序列控制的产物,研究表明许多癌症的发生与融合基因存在密切的联系。融合基因可作为癌症治疗的靶点,在癌症诊断及治疗领域中融合基因的研究具有重要意义。部分融合基因驱动癌症的机制已被初步揭示,但是有些真实存在的在肿瘤发生发展过程中有重要意义的融合基因由于工具和实验技术限制还未被发现。因此,对融合基因的分析预测研究方法逐渐成为关注的热点之一。本文探讨了目前常用的关于融合基因的分析工具及方法,为融合基因在癌症中的研究提供思路。

Fusion genes are the products of two independent genes whose coding regions are linked and controlled by the same set of regulatory sequences．Studies have shown that many cancers are closely linked to gene fusions．Fusion genes can be used as targets for cancer therapy,and the study of fusion genes is of great importance in cancer diagnosis and treatment．Some of the mechanisms of fusion genes driving cancer have been initially revealed,but there are more fusion genes which are important in the process of tumor development have not been discovered due to the limitation of tools and experimental techniques．Therefore,the analysis and prediction methods of fusion genes are becoming a hot topic of interest．In this paper,we discuss the commonly used analytical tools and methods on fusion genes to provide ideas for the study of fusion genes in cancer．

目的 探讨晚期胰腺癌超级伽玛刀治疗的临床效果。方法 选取2015年1月—2019年1月我院收治的晚期胰腺癌患者46例,随机分为对照组(23例)与观察组(23例),对照组接受单纯化疗治疗,观察组患者接受超级伽玛刀方案治疗。收集两组患者的治疗有效率、生存时间的临床受益反应(CBR)等指标,进行对比分析。结果 接受不同治疗措施干预1个月后,对两组患者治疗总有效率进行比较。观察组患者治疗总有效率为60.87%,高于对照组患者治疗总有效率13.04%(P＜0.01)。观察组患者中疼痛程度改善阳性人数比例、KPS体力改善阳性人数比例和体质量改善阳性人数比例均高于对照组患者(P＜0.05),但两组患者镇痛药物消耗量改善阳性人数比例差异并无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。观察组患者无进展生存期中位时间为4个月(95%CI,2.124±5.274),对照组患者无进展生存期中位时间为3个月(95%CI,1.804±4.851)。观察组患者无进展生存期中位时间长于对照组患者(P=0.042＜0.05)。结论 基于立体定向伽马射线全身治疗系统的超级伽玛刀采用中等剂量分割方法治疗晚期胰腺癌,其临床效果切实,副作用相对较低,对患者生存治疗有明显提升效果,值得临床推广。

Objective To explore the clinical effect of super gamma knife in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods 46 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to January 2019 were randomly divided into control group (23 cases)and observation group (23 cases). The control group received chemotherapy only; the observation group received super gamma knife treatment. We collected the clinical benefit response (CBR)and other indicators of treatment efficiency and survival time of the two groups for comparative analysis. Results One month after the intervention of different treatment measures, the total effective rate of the two groups was compared. The total effective rate of the observation group was 60.87%, which was higher than that of the control group (13.04%)(P<0.01). The positive rate of pain degree improvement, KPS physical strength improvement, body weight improvement in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no statistical significance between the two groups in the positive rate of analgesic consumption improvement (P>0.05). The median time of progression free survival was 4 months (95% CI, 2.124±5.274)in the observation group and 3 months (95% CI, 1.804±4.851)in the control group. The median time of progression free survival in the observation group was longer than that in the control group (P = 0.042<0.05). Conclusion The super gamma knife based on the stereotactic gamma ray systemic therapy system uses the medium dose segmentation method to treat the advanced pancreatic cancer. Its clinical effect is practical, the side effects are relatively low, and the survival treatment of patients has a significant improvement effect, which is worthy of clinical promotion.