目的 检测微小RNA（miR）在人黑色素瘤中的表达情况,研究miR-412通过抑制性别确定区Y框转录因子6（SOX6）的表达影响黑色素瘤细胞增殖及侵袭能力的变化。方法 癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库分析发现miR-412在黑色素瘤中异常表达,为研究其表达与肿瘤的相关性,采用Transwell小室,非锚定独立生长实验分析miR-412对黑色素瘤细胞增殖及侵袭能力的影响。软件预测SOX6可能为其靶向基因,采用荧光素酶报告分析及Western blot实验检测SOX6与miR-412的靶向调节情况。结果 TCGA数据库分析黑色素瘤组织中miR-412表达水平高于正常对照组,表达越高,生存时间越短。Transwell小室,非锚定独立生长实验显示miR-412过表达后促进细胞增殖及侵袭能力,而下调miR-412后抑制黑色素瘤细胞增殖及侵袭能力;通过靶点预测miR-412结合SOX6基因3’-非翻译区（UTR）,导致SOX6蛋白因miR-412表达增高而下调;同时在miR-412下调的细胞中抑制SOX6表达可恢复黑色素瘤细胞的增殖及侵袭能力。结论 miR-412过表达后促进黑色素瘤细胞增殖及侵袭能力,反之则抑制黑色素瘤细胞增殖及侵袭能力。 miR-412通过靶向调控SOX6影响黑色素瘤细胞增殖及侵袭,提示miR-412在黑色素瘤的发病过程中起重要作用,是潜在的治疗靶点。

Objective To assess the expression of miR-412 in human melanoma and investigate how miR-412 modulates melanoma cell proliferation and invasive capacity by inhibiting SRY-Box Transcription Factor 6,（SOX6） expression．Methods Analysis of the TCGA（The Cancer Genome Atlas）database identified aberrant miR-412 expression in melanoma．To explore its relevance to tumorigenesis,we conducted Transwell chamber and non-adherent independent growth assays to examine the effects of miR-412 on melanoma cell proliferation and invasion．Software predictions highlighted SOX6 as a potential target gene．We performed luciferase reporter assays and Western blot experiments to elucidate the regulatory interactions between SOX6 and miR-412．Results TCGA database analysis revealed significantly elevated miR-412 expression levels in melanoma tissues compared to the normal control group．Moreover,higher miR-412 expression correlated with shorter survival times．Functional assays using Transwell chambers and non-adherent independent growth assays demonstrated that overexpressing miR-412 enhanced cell proliferation and invasive capabilities．Conversely,reducing miR-412 expression restrained these attributes in melanoma cells． Target prediction analysis indicated that miR-412 binds to the 3’-UTR region of SOX6,resulting in decreased SOX6 protein levels due to increased miR-412 expression．Intriguingly,inhibiting SOX6 expression concurrently amplified the proliferation and invasive potential of melanoma cells,which was initially dampened by miR-412 downregulation．Conclusions Elevated miR-412 expression augments melanoma cell proliferation and invasive capabilities,while its suppression diminishes these traits．Through its targeted regulation of SOX6,miR-412 exerts a significant influence on melanoma cell proliferation and invasion．These findings underscore the pivotal role of miR-412 in melanoma pathogenesis and underscore its potential as a promising therapeutic target．

目的 探讨微RNA-29b（miR-29b）对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法 子宫内膜癌HEC-1-B细胞分为miR-29b模拟物组（MM组）、miR-29b阻遏物组（MR组）和阴性对照物组（MNC组）,分别转染miR-29b拟似物、miR-29b阻遏物和miR-29b阴性对照物,每组设置6个复孔。以实时定量逆转录PCR检测miR-29b表达,以水溶性四氮唑（WST-1）检测miR-29b对HEC-1-B子宫内膜癌细胞增殖的影响,以Transwell小室检测HEC-1-B子宫内膜癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响,以Western blot法检测磷酸酶张力蛋白同源物（PTEN）-蛋白激酶 B（AKT）通路蛋白表达水平。结果 MNC组、MM组、MR组miR-29b相对表达量分别为（2 032.1±873.4）、（19 272.8±2 087.9）、（472.7±105.6）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。MM组0、3、5、7 d时OD值分别为（0.32±0.06）、（0.53±0.08）、（1.13±0.12）和（1.92±0.14）,MNC组0、3、5、7 d时OD值分别为（0.34±0.09）、（0.71±0.08）、（1.67±0.21）和（3.49±0.24）,MR组0、3、5、7 d时OD值分别为（0.38±0.09）、（0.84±0.18）、（2.43±0.24）和（5.67±0.15）,3组0 d时OD值比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.216）,三组3 d、5 d、7 d时OD值比较差异存在统计学意义（P<0.001）。MNC组、MM组和MR组迁移细胞数分别为（403.9±23.8）（102.6±15.7）和（685.7±46.8）个,上述3组侵袭细胞数分别为（82.1±12.7）（38.2±10.6）和（124.6±21.6）个,MM组和MNC组上述指标比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,MR组和MM组上述指标比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。MNC组、MM组、MR组PTEN蛋白相对表达量分别为（0.25±0.08）、（0.69±0.11）、（0.11±0.05）,上述3组p-AKT蛋白相对表达量分别为（0.58±0.10）、（0.13±0.06）和（0.79±0.08）,上述3组AKT蛋白相对表达量分别为（0.38±0.09）、（0.37±0.11）和（0.37±0.08）,MM组与MNC组PTEN、p-AKT水平比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,AKT水平比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;MR组与MNC组、MM组PTEN、p-AKT水平比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,AKT水平比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 过表达miR-29b对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭具有抑制作用,靶向PTEN-AKT可能是其重要作用途径。

Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-29b on proliferation,migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells．Methods The endometrial cancer HEC-1-B cells were divided into micro29b mimetic group（MM group）,micro29b repressor group（MR group）and negative control group（MNC group）,and the micro29b mimetic,micro29b repressor and micro29b negative control were transfected into each group,six compound holes with each group．The real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）was used to detect the expression of mi29b,WST-1 was used to detect the effect of mi29b on the proliferation of HEC-1-B endometrial cancer cells,Transwell chamber was used to detect the migration and invasion of HEC-1-B endometrial cancer cells,and Western blot was used to detect the expression level of PTEN-AKT pathway protein．Results The relative expression levels of microRNA-29b in MNC group,MM group and MR group were（2 032.1±873.4）,（19 272.8±2 087.9）and（472.7±105.6）,respectively,and there were significant differences between groups（P<0.05）．OD values of MM group at 0 d,3 d,5 d and 7 d were（0.32±0.06）,（0.53±0.08）,（1.13±0.12）and（1.92±0.14）respectively．The OD values of MNC group at 0,3,5 and 7 days were（0.34±0.09）,（0.71±0.08）,（1.67±0.21）and（3.49±0.24）respectively．The OD values of MR group at 0 d,3 d,5 d and 7 d were（0.38±0.09）,（0.84±0.18）,（2.43±0.24）and（5.67±0.15）respectively．There was no significant difference in OD value between the three groups on day 0 （P=0.216）．There were significant differences in OD value between the three groups on day 3,day 5 and day 7（P<0.001）．The number of migrating cells in MNC group,MM group and MR group were（403.9±23.8）cells,（102.6±15.7）cells and（685.7±46.8）cells,respectively．The number of invasive cells in the above three groups were（82.1±12.7）cells,（38.2±10.6）cells and（124.6±21.6）cells．There were significant differences in the above indexes between MM group and MNC group（P<0.05）,also between MR group and MM group（P<0.05）．The relative expression levels of PTEN protein in MNC group,MM group and MR group were（0.25±0.08）,（0.69±0.11）and（0.11±0.05）．The relative expression levels of p-AKT protein in the above three groups were（0.58±0.10）,（0.13±0.06）and（0.79±0.08）．The relative expression levels of AKT protein in the above three groups were（0.38±0.09）,（0.37±0.11）and（0.37±0.08）,respectively．Compared with MNC group,the levels of PTEN and p-AKT in MM group had statistical significance（P<0.05）,but there was no statistical difference in AKT level（P>0.05）．Compared with MNC group and MM group,the levels of PTEN and p-AKT in MR group had statistical significance（P<0.05）,and there was no statistical difference in AKT level（P>0.05）．Conclusions Overexpression of microRNA-29b can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells,and targeting PTEN-AKT may be an important pathway．

目的 探讨亚实性肺腺癌结节CT征象在预测侵袭风险中的价值。方法 选取经胸部CT检查发现并经病理证实为肺腺癌的亚实性结节共76个病灶,病灶分为侵袭前组与侵袭组2组,分析结节CT征象,行统计学分析,明确亚实性肺腺癌结节侵袭性的预测因素。结果 侵袭前组（包括原位腺癌、微浸润性腺癌）共31例;侵袭组[浸润性腺癌（IAC）]共45例。2组在最大平均直径、结节平均CT值、结节形状、分叶、毛刺、胸膜牵拉征、有无实性成分、肿瘤微血管CT成像征间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而在空泡征、空气支气管征方面比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结节最大直径预测浸润性腺癌侵袭性界值为13.63 mm,敏感度、特异度分别为68.9%、96.8%,AUC为0.885;平均CT值预测IAC侵袭性界值为-528 HU,敏感度、特异度分别为84.4%、83.9%,AUC为0.867。回归分析显示病灶最大平均直径（OR=2.015、P=0.01）可以作为浸润性肺腺癌结节的独立预测因子。结论 亚实性肺腺癌结节侵袭前组和侵袭组在最大直径、平均CT值、形状、分叶、毛刺、微血管征存在差异;结节的最大平均直径是IAC的独立预测因子。

Objective To investigate the value of CT signs in predicting the risk of invasion of subsolid lung adenocarcinoma nodules．Methods A total of 76 subsolid pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules detected by chest CT and pathologically confirmed were selected,and the lesions were divided into pre-invasion group and invasion group．CT signs of nodules were analyzed and statistical analysis was performed to determine the predictive factors of invasion of subsolid pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules．Results There were 31 cases in the pre-invasion group（including adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma）and 45 cases ininvasion group[invasive adenocarcinoma（IAC）]．There were significant differences in maximum mean diameter,mean CT value of nodule,nodule shape,lobule,burr,pleural stretch sign,solid component and microvascular CT imaging signs between the two groups（P<0.05）,but there were no significant differences in vacuole sign and air bronchial sign between the two groups（P>0.05）．The maximum diameter of nodules predicted the invasion boundary of invasive adenocarcinoma was 13.63 mm,the sensitivity and specificity were 68.9% and 96.8%,respectively,and the AUC was 0.885．The mean CT value predicted the invasive boundary of IAC was -528 HU,the sensitivity and specificity were 84.4% and 83.9%,respectively,and the AUC was 0.867．Regression analysis showed that the maximum mean lesion diameter（OR=2.015,P=0.01）was an independent predictor of infiltrating lung adenocarcinoma nodules．Conclusions There were differences in the maximum diameter,mean CT value,shape,lobed,burr and microvascular signs between the pre-invasion group and the invasion group．The maximum mean diameter of nodules was an independent predictor of IAC．

目的 总结本地区低龄婴儿侵袭性B族链球菌(GBS)感染的流行病学特点, 为临床预防和诊治提供指导。方法 对2012年1月—2015年12月广州地区两家三甲妇儿专科医院收治的0～89 d低龄婴儿侵袭性GBS感染病例进行回顾性分析。结果 研究期间两院共收治侵袭性GBS感染病例120例,2015年感染病例数为2012年的2.8倍,感染病例的发生无明显季节倾向。早发型感染以败血症合并肺炎(46.3%)为主,围产期多伴有一个或以上的高危因素,死亡率为7.4%;晚发型感染以败血症合并脑膜炎(占42.4%),多以发热为首发症状,其中42%伴有神经系统症状,14.6%遗留神经系统后遗症。结论 广州地区低龄婴儿侵袭性GBS感染病例呈逐年增加趋势,临床应重视新生儿GBS感染的预防,加强感染高风险新生儿的管理,及时诊治,改善预后。

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) infection among infants during the past 4 years in Guangzhou, in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods Medical records of infants with invasive GBS infection from two tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou from January 2012 to December 2015 were reviewed. Results There were 120 infants with invasive GBS infections during the past 4 years in two tertiary hospitals, the number of patients increased from 2012 to 2015, and the occurrence of infectionshad no obvious seasonal tendencies. Among infants with EOD, the most common syndrome was sepsis complicated pneumonia (46.3%), respiratory sign and at least one of perinatal risk factors were commonly recorded, and the mortality rate was 7.4%. By contrast, a higher proportion of late-onset cases manifested as sepsis associated with meningitis (42.4%), fever was the most common presentation and 42% LOD cases accompanied by neurological symptoms, 14.6% infants had neurological sequelae. Conclusion The number of GBS-infected infants increased during the past 4 years in Guangzhou. Relevant departments should pay attention to the prevention of neonatal GBS infection, strengthen the management of high risk newborns to improve the prognosis.

目的 探讨临床常用非侵袭性检查指标诊断膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的准确性及可靠性。方法 回顾性研究2003年11月—2015年11月在广州市第一人民医院就诊并接受压力—流率测定(PFS)的男性LUTS/BPH患者,以侵袭性的PFS为诊断BOO的“金标准”,以前列腺体积(PV)、移行带体积(TZV)、移行带指数(TZI)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、剩余尿量(PVR)、剩余分数(RF)等非侵袭性检查指标为诊断指标进行诊断试验评价。结果 筛选1319例患者纳入统计分析。以ICS列线图为诊断标准,PV、TZV、TZI、PSA、Qmax、RF、PVR诊断BOO的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.803、0.807、0.698、0.775、0.740、0.679、0.641;以Schaefer列线图为诊断标准,PV、TZV、TZI、PSA、Qmax、RF、PVR诊断BOO的AUC分别为0.806、0.814、0.713、0.773、0.721、0.684、0.642。结论 PV、TZV、TZI、PSA、Qmax、RF、PVR等非侵袭性指标对筛查及诊断中老年男性BOO有一定的参考价值及临床意义,其中TZV、PV、PSA、Qmax的诊断准确性较高。

Objective To evaluate and assess the efficacy and validity of the most common and noninvasive parameters in daily clinical practice for detecting bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in elderly male compared with the golden standard pressure-flow study (PFS). Methods Retrospectively analyze the outpatients and inpatients of male LUTS/BPH from November 2003 to November 2015 in Guangzhou First People's Hospital. Collect the PFS parameters and other noninvasive parameters including PV, TZV, TZI, PSA, Qmax, RF, and PVR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficiency of each parameter for detecting BOO. Statistic analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 21). Results The data from 1319 patients were analyzed. According to the ICS-nomogram. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of PV, TZV, TZI, PSA, Qmax, RF, and PVR for detecting BOO were 0.803, 0.807, 0.698, 0.775, 0.740, 0.679, and 0.641, respectively. According to the Schaefer's nomogram, the AUCs of PV, TZV, TZI, PSA, Qmax, RF, and PVR for detecting BOO were 0.806, 0.814, 0.713, 0.773, 0.721, 0.684, and 0.642, respectively. Conclusion PV, TZV, TZI, PSA, Qmax, RF, and PVR would help predicting BOO in elderly male noninvasively, and providing valuable reference and guidance in clinical decision. TZV, PV, PSA and Qmax supply preferable accuracy for detecting BOO, with better sensitivity and specificity.