目的 观察广州花都地区新冠疫情发生前后呼吸道肺炎支原体（MP）感染的流行病学特征,分析2018年—2019年（疫情前）和2020年—2021年（疫情后）期间的流行病学特点,为降低本地区的MP感染提供预防医学依据。方法 收集2018年1月—2021年12月于广州市中西医结合医院就诊的呼吸道感染患者51 005例,采用胶体金法检测血Mp- IgM抗体,对疫情前后年度、季节、性别和年龄段MP感染情况进行回顾性分析。结果 51 005例呼吸道感染患者中,MP感染总阳性率12.03%（6 134/5 1005）,新冠疫情发生前（2018—2019）阳性率为19.11%（5 161/27 010）,高于新冠疫情后（2020—2021）MP阳性率为4.06%（973/23 995）（χ²=2 721.32,P<0.001）。2018年和2019年（疫情前）不同季节MP检出率分别为：春季11.87%和17.76%,夏季13.26%和22.21%,秋季17.93%和24.59%,冬季14.20%和14.47%,以夏秋季阳性率高于春季和冬季;疫情后两年四季MP感染率均低于疫情前（P<0.001）,春季和冬季阳性率略高于夏秋季节。4年来呼吸道感染患者中MP感染率男性（13.87%）与女性（14.09%）比较差异无统计学意义。且疫情前（18.91%,19.28%）显著高于疫情后（2.49%,2.69%）,同时期不同性别阳性率比较差异无统计学意义。婴幼儿组（0~6岁）,学龄儿童组（>6~14岁）,青少年组（>14~30岁）,中青年组（>30~60岁）及老年组（>60岁）MP阳性检出率分别为20.89%、29.98%、9.29%、5.55%和4.57%,不同年龄组间MP感染率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,以学龄期儿童多见,其次为婴幼儿。结论 新冠疫情前后4年MP感染流行特点为：新冠疫情前后MP感染无性别差异;学龄期儿童和婴幼儿是高发人群;一年四季均可发病,疫情前两年夏秋季高发,疫情后两年四季发病率均较低且差异变小;新冠疫情下广州花都地区MP感染率显著低于疫情前,2019-nCov防控措施（佩戴口罩等）也减少了MP感染。

目的 探讨导致口服华法林患者国际标准化比值异常增高(INR>4.5)的原因。方法 选择148例做过心瓣膜置换术,出院后口服华法林抗凝,复查时国际标准化比值(INR>4.5)异常增高的患者。通过对其用药量以及服用其它药物(包括西药和中药)、营养品、食物等情况进行调查,分析导致口服华法林患者INR异常增高的有关因素,同时对PT检测过程中检验前、检验中的质量控制进行调查,排除检测过程中的影响因素,最后综合分析导致心瓣膜置换术后口服华法林患者INR异常增高的原因。结果 导致口服华法林患者INR异常增高的原因主要是药量过多,占全部调查的47.29%,其中医嘱剂量过多的为39.18%,遗忘重复服药或不理解医嘱的比例为8.10%;其次是受药物相互影响的比例为43.25%,其中受西药影响的比例为33.11%,受中药物影响的占10.14%;药物外影响的因素比例为9.47%,其中受饮食影响的比例为4.06%;受物理治疗影响的比例为5.41%。结论 导致口服华法林患者INR异常增高最主要的原因是用药量过多以及受其他药物的相互影响,同时受饮食及物理治疗的影响。

Objective To investigate the cause of abnormality increase of international normalized ratio (INR) (INR>4.5) in the patients who oral application Warfarin. Methods 148 patients were taken who had cardiac valve replacement operation and oral application warfarin post-discharge as subjects. Their INR abnormality increased when taking reexamination. Through the research of the drugs, the dose (including both Chinese crude drug and western medicine), the nourishments and the foods that the patients took, we find out factors that resulted in INR abnormality increase, while to investigate the quality control of laboratory department and analyze the process before and after PT test, to find out factors that affect the test. Finally, to analyze the causes of INR abnormality increase in patients took warfarin after cardiac valve replacement operation. Results The main reason for the abnormal increase in INR in patients with oral warfarin was the excessive dose, accounting for 47.29% of all surveys, of which 39.18% were excessively prescribed, and the proportion of patients who forgot to repeat or did not understand the doctor's order was 8.10%; The proportion of drug interaction was 43.25%, of which 33.11% were affected by western medicine, 10.14% were affected by Chinese medicine, 9.47% were affected by external medicine, and 4.06% were affected by diet; The proportion of treatment effects was 5.41%. Conclusion The main reason for the abnormal increase in INR in patients with oral warfarin is the excessive use of drugs and the interaction of other drugs, as well as the effects of diet and physical therapy.