目的 探究基于Caprini风险评估的分级护理在髋关节置换术患者下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）形成中的预防作用。方法 选取2022年4月至2024年10月在南阳市第二人民医院行髋关节置换术患者74例，根据护理方案不同分为常规组和Caprini分级组，各37例。常规组开展常规护理干预，Caprini分级组在常规护理基础上开展基于Caprini风险评估的分级护理。比较两组干预前后凝血功能指标[凝血酶原时间（PT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、活化部分的凝血活酶时间（APTT）]、患肢血流速度、髋关节功能[髋关节指数（HSS）]、自护能力[自护能力测量量表（ESCA）]；比较两组术后DVT发生率及护理满意度。结果 术后24 h，Caprini分级组凝血功能指标PT、TT、APTT均高于常规组（P＜0.05）；出院时，Caprini分级组患肢髂静脉、股静脉、腘静脉血流速度均高于常规组（P＜0.05）；出院时、术后3个月，Caprini分级组髋关节功能各指标评分、自护能力各指标评分、护理满意度各指标评分均高于常规组（P＜0.05）；术后3个月，Caprini分级组DVT总发生率低于常规组（P＜0.05）。结论 基于Caprini风险评估的分级护理可有效减轻髋关节置换术患者凝血功能异常，提升患肢各处静脉血流速度，降低DVT发生率，改善其髋关节功能，提高自护能力与护理满意度。

目的 探讨快速康复外科理念对降低子宫全切术后患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的应用效果。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,将185例子宫全切术后患者分为观察组(95例)和对照组(90例)。观察组实施快速康复外科护理路径,对照组实施常规护理路径。结果 两组患者术后的下肢深静脉血栓发生率、D-二聚体水平、日常生活活动能力评分的比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生率和D-二聚体水平低于对照组(P<0. 01),观察组日常生活活动能力评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 快速康复外科理念应用于子宫全切术后患者,可降低患者下肢深静脉血栓的发生率,提高患者自理能力,使患者尽快恢复健康水平。

Objective To explore the effect of fast-track surgery on the treatment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in patients after total hysterectomy. Methods A total of 185 patients with hysterectomy were divided into observation group(n=95) and control group (n=90) randomly. The observation group implemented a rapid rehabilitation surgical care path, and the control group implemented routine nursing path. Results There were significant differences in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis, D-dimer level and daily living activity score between the two groups (P<0.05). The incidence of deep venous thrombosis and the level of D-dimer in the lower extremity of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The score of the daily living activity was lower in the observation group than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Fast-track surgery for patients after total hysterectomy could reduce the incidence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis and improve the self-care abilities of patients, so that patients may return to health as soon as possible.