目的 探究基于Caprini风险评估的分级护理在髋关节置换术患者下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）形成中的预防作用。方法 选取2022年4月至2024年10月在南阳市第二人民医院行髋关节置换术患者74例，根据护理方案不同分为常规组和Caprini分级组，各37例。常规组开展常规护理干预，Caprini分级组在常规护理基础上开展基于Caprini风险评估的分级护理。比较两组干预前后凝血功能指标[凝血酶原时间（PT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、活化部分的凝血活酶时间（APTT）]、患肢血流速度、髋关节功能[髋关节指数（HSS）]、自护能力[自护能力测量量表（ESCA）]；比较两组术后DVT发生率及护理满意度。结果 术后24 h，Caprini分级组凝血功能指标PT、TT、APTT均高于常规组（P＜0.05）；出院时，Caprini分级组患肢髂静脉、股静脉、腘静脉血流速度均高于常规组（P＜0.05）；出院时、术后3个月，Caprini分级组髋关节功能各指标评分、自护能力各指标评分、护理满意度各指标评分均高于常规组（P＜0.05）；术后3个月，Caprini分级组DVT总发生率低于常规组（P＜0.05）。结论 基于Caprini风险评估的分级护理可有效减轻髋关节置换术患者凝血功能异常，提升患肢各处静脉血流速度，降低DVT发生率，改善其髋关节功能，提高自护能力与护理满意度。

目的 探讨多学科整合护理路径联合手术室优质护理对下肢骨折的应用效果及对术后下肢静脉血栓发生率的影响。方法 选择2021年1月—2022年10月我院收治的70例下肢骨折患者,随机分为联合组与常规组,每组各35例。常规组患者实施常规护理,联合组患者实施多学科整合护理路径联合手术室优质护理,对比两组患者护理效果。结果 联合组患者首次下床活动时间、术后视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分低于常规组（P<0.05）,二者住院时间以及引流管拔除时间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;经过护理干预后,两组的凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）均延长,血浆纤维蛋白原（FIB）降低,联合组优于常规组（P<0.05）,且联合组下肢静脉血栓发生率低于常规组（0% vs 17.14%,P<0.05）;联合组患者护理满意度更高（P<0.05）;术后1个月两组患者日常生活活动能力（ADL）评分、Fugl-Meyer评分均升高,联合组高于常规组（P<0.05）。结论 多学科整合护理路径联合手术室优质护理可改善下肢骨折患者围术期指标和血液高凝状态,降低患者下肢静脉血栓发生率,提升护理满意度及患者远期日常生活能力、肢体运动功能。

Objective To explore the application effect of multidisciplinary integrated nursing path combined with high-quality nursing in operating room on patients with lower limb fracture and the effect on postoperative lower limb venous thrombosis．Methods From January 2021 to October 2022,70 patients with lower limb fracture admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into combination group and conventional group,with 35 cases in each group．Patients in the conventional group received routine nursing,and patients in the combined group received multidisciplinary integrated nursing path combined with high-quality nursing in the operating room．The nursing effect of the two groups was compared．Results The first time of getting out of bed in the combined group was earlier and postoperative VAS score was lower than those in the conventional group（P<0.05）,and the length of hospital stay and drainage tube removal time were not significantly different between the two groups（P>0.05）．After nursing intervention,the prothrombin time（PT）and activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT）of the two groups were prolonged,and the plasma fibrinogen（FIB）decreased,and the change range of the combined group was greater（P<0.05）．The incidence of venous thrombosis in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group（0.00% vs 17.14%,P<0.05）．The nursing satisfaction of patients in combination group was higher（P<0.05）．The activities of daily living score and Fugl-Meyer score of both groups increased one month after surgery,and the combined group was higher than the conventional group（P<0.05）．Conclusions Multidisciplinary integrated nursing path combined with high-quality nursing in operating room can improve perioperative indicators and blood hypercoagulability of patients with lower limb fractures,reduce the incidence of lower limb venous thrombosis,improve nursing satisfaction,long-term daily living ability and limb motor function of patients．

目的 分析基于叙事护理理论的心理干预在突发创伤下肢骨折患者中的应用价值。方法 选择南方医科大学深圳医院2023年4月—2023年10月收治的100例突发创伤下肢骨折患者,根据随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,各50例。对照组提供常规心理护理和健康教育,研究组在对照组的基础上增加基于叙事护理理论的心理干预。对比两情绪压力量表和创伤后成长情况、康复依从性。结果 研究组的情绪压力评分维度中抑郁和焦虑及压力评分明显低于对照组（P<0.05）;研究组的创伤相关评分维度中与他人的关系、新的可能性和个人力量、生活的欣赏和精神变化评分高于对照组,康复依从性高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 基于叙事护理理论的心理干预,可缓解突发创伤下肢骨折患者的心理压力,提高康复依从性,促进早日康复。

Objective To analyze the application value of psychological intervention based on narrative nursing theory in patients with sudden traumatic lower extremity fracture．Methods A total of 100 patients with sudden traumatic lower extremity fracture admitted to Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University from April 2023 to October 2023 were selected and divided into study group and control group with 50 cases in each group by random number table method．The control group received routine psychological nursing and health education,and the study group was added psychological intervention based on narrative nursing theory．The two emotional stress scales were compared with post-traumatic growth and rehabilitation compliance．Results The scores of depression,anxiety and stress in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）．The trauma-related scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group in relation to others,new possibilities and personal strength,appreciation of life and spiritual changes,and the rehabilitation compliance was significantly higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）．Conclusions Psychological intervention based on narrative nursing theory can relieve psychological pressure of patients with sudden traumatic lower extremity fracture,improve rehabilitation compliance,and promote early recovery．

目的 探究腔内微波消融(EMA)联合泡沫硬化剂治疗与腔内射频消融(RFA)联合泡沫硬化剂治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床疗效和并发症情况。方法 回顾性选择收集106例下肢静脉曲张患者的临床资料,其中54例患者(观察组)接受EMA联合泡沫硬化剂治疗,52例患者(对照组)接受RFA联合泡沫硬化剂治疗。比较2组患者相关临床指标及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组手术时间(34.92±2.35)min,对照组手术时间(46.33±2.71)min,观察组手术时间较短,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其余手术参数差异不明显(P＞0.05)。观察组的住院费用(21 063.74±850.47)元,对照组住院费用(23 312.40±1 035.86)元,观察组住院费用较低,有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。2组间并发症发生率、总有效率和总满意度均无显著差异。对比2组患者手术前和手术治疗后1年的静脉临床严重程度评分、阿伯丁静脉曲张问卷评分,组间对比没有统计学差异(P＞0.05);而在患者手术1年之后的静脉临床严重程度评分、阿伯丁静脉曲张问卷评分均呈现出明显的下降趋势(P＜0.05)。结论 微波消融是有效治疗下肢静脉曲张的术式,与射频消融比较,具有同样良好的短期效果;微波消融所需的手术时间较短且费用较低。

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and complications between endovascular microwave ablation (EMA) combined with foam sclerotherapy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with foam sclerotherapy in patients with varicose veins of lower extremity. Methods A total of 106 patients with varicose veins of lower extremity were included in the retrospective study.Among them, 54 patients (observation group) were treated with EMA combined with foam sclerotherapy, and 52 patients (control group) were treated with RFA combined with foam sclerotherapy.The related clinical indexes and complications between the two groups were compared. Results The observation group had a shorter procedure time than the control group (34.92±2.35 minutes vs 46.33±2.71 minutes, P＜0.05), and no significant differences were observed in the other procedure parameters.The hospitalization cost was (21063.74±850.47) yuan for the observation group and (23312.40±1035.86) yuan for the control group, and the hospitalization cost of the observation group was lower(P＜0.05).No significant differences were found in the total effective rate,total satisfaction and complication rate between the two groups.Comparison of venous clinical severity score (VCSS) and Aberdeen varicose vein questionnaire (AVVQ) scores before and one year after operation between the two groups showed no statistical differences (P＞0.05). While the VCSS and AVVQ scores of the patients showed a significant downward trend one year after operation (P＜0.05). Conclusions Microwave ablation is an effective treatment for varicose veins in the lower extremity, which has the same good short-term effect as radiofrequency ablation. Microwave ablation requires a shorter operation time and less cost.

目的 总结以双下肢乏力为主要表现的、合并低叶酸血症的患者的临床特征。方法 选择自2017年1月—2020年12月在我院神经内科住院的患者,分为3组：双下肢乏力伴叶酸缺乏组,共23例;叶酸缺乏合并脑血管病组,共129例;叶酸缺乏的健康体检者,为来我院行健康体检、无意中发现叶酸水平降低者,共42例,比较3组患者特征。结果 双下肢乏力伴叶酸缺乏组患者的发病年龄在19~88岁之间,平均（63.82±20.24）岁,男女比为2.3∶1。起病时间（13.34±17.88）d。与叶酸缺乏合并脑血管病组以及与叶酸缺乏的健康体检者相比,双下肢乏力伴叶酸缺乏组患者脑叶缺血灶数量较少,差异有统计学意义,P分别=0.001和0.008;与叶酸缺乏的健康体检者相比,双下肢乏力伴叶酸缺乏组患者放射冠和侧脑室缺血灶数量无变化,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05;与叶酸缺乏合并脑血管病组以及与叶酸缺乏的健康体检者相比,双下肢乏力伴叶酸缺乏组患者整体脑组织缺血灶总数较少,差异有统计学意义,P分别<0.01和0.05。结论 临床上遇到双下肢乏力患者,尤其是发病年龄在63岁左右,男性,起病时间在13 d左右,颅内整体缺血灶、尤其脑叶缺血灶较少的患者,需要警惕低叶酸血症所致双下肢乏力的可能。

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with lower extremity weakness as the main manifestation and hypofolicemia．Methods Patients admitted in our neurology inpatient center from January 2017 to December 2020 were selected and divided into 3 groups．Group A consisted of 23 cases of bilateral lower extremity weakness combined with folic acid deficiency．Group B consisted of 129 cases of folic acid deficiency combined with cerebrovascular disease．Group C consisted of 42 healthy people with folic acid deficiency who came to our hospital for health check-up and found that the level of folic acid was decreased accidentally．The clinical characteristics of the three groups of patients were compared．Results The age of onset in group A was between 19 and 88 years old,with an average of（63.82±20.24）years old,and the male to female ratio was 2.3∶1．The onset time was（13.34±17.88）days．Compared with the group B and group C,the number of cerebral lobe ischemic area in group A was lesser,and the difference was statistically significant,P=0.001 and 0.008,respectively．Compared with group C,the number of corona radiata and lateral ventricle ischemic lesions in group A did not change,and the difference was not statistically significant,P>0.05．Compared with group B and group C,the total number of ischemic lesions in the overall brain tissue of group A was lesser,and the difference was statistically significant,P<0.01 and P=0.05 respectively．Conclusions When we encounter patients with bilateral lower extremity weakness in clinical practice,especially the average age of onset is around 63 years old,male,the onset time is about 13 days,and the overall intracranial ischemic lesions,especially the lobar ischemic lesions are less,we need to think of the possibility of bilateral lower extremity weakness caused by hypofolate．

目的 描述下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)患者抗凝药服药知识、信念与依从性的现状并探讨三者间的相关性,为提高下肢DVT患者服药依从性提供依据。方法 采取方便抽样的方法,抽取2019年7月—2020年5月广州市某三甲医院随诊的下肢DVT患者100例。采用一般资料调查表、抗凝药服药知识问卷、中文版服药信念特异性问卷、中文修订版8条目Morisky服药依从性量表进行问卷调查。结果 下肢DVT患者的抗凝药服药知识平均得分为(0.72±0.11)分,处于良好水平;服药信念得分为(2.06±4.34)分,处于中等水平;服药依从性得分为(6.52±1.08)分,处于中等水平;服药知识与服药信念呈正相关(r=0.301,P<0.01),与服药依从性呈正相关(r=0.232,P<0.05);患者的服药信念与服药依从性呈正相关(r=0.373,P<0.01)。结论 提高下肢DVT患者抗凝知识水平可以提高患者的服药信念和服药依从性,提高患者的服药信念可以提高患者的服药依从性。

目的 观察四通道FES对脑卒中患者下肢运动功能的影响,为其临床应用及推广提供依据。方法 将入组的49例脑卒中患者随机分为四通道FES组(17例)、单通道FES组(16例)和对照组(16例),三组患者均进行(除电刺激)综合康复训练,四通道FES组模仿正常人行走时肌肉收缩的时序刺激患侧下肢的股四头肌、胫骨前肌、腓肠肌及腘绳肌。单通道FES组患者仅在迈步时刺激患侧下肢的胫骨前肌,而股四头肌、腓肠肌、腘绳肌三块肌肉仅作安慰刺激。对照组患者在上述四块肌肉处做安慰刺激(即仅在这四处肌肉贴电极片,但没有电流)。治疗时间为每周5次,持续2周共10次,在治疗前、治疗后1周、治疗后2周分别进行患侧下肢运动功能评定及平衡功能评估。结果 组内前后比较:两组患者治疗前、治疗后一周、治疗后两周下肢功能(FMA)及平衡功能(Berg)逐步提高(P＜0.05)。组间比较:治疗后一周三组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后两周三组有统计学意义,经过两两比较发现,只有四通道组与对照组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其他两组之间均无统计学意义。结论 应用基于正常行走模式四通道FES治疗可以改善患者的下肢功能及平衡功能。

目的 分析AngioJet血栓抽吸联合髂静脉支架在下肢深静脉血栓合并髂静脉压迫的临床疗效。方法 2016年1月—2019年6月在揭阳市人民医院普外一科收治的首发髂股DVT并在AngioJet吸栓或联合导管溶栓后置入支架的患者,比较吸栓后直接支架置入和溶栓再分期支架置入的治疗效果。结果 本研究共纳入50例接受支架手术的DVT患者,其中治疗组29例,分期置入组21例。治疗组临床症状缓解率和住院时间优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且出血风险更低。 而置入支架长度和直径无差异,治疗组的3个月、6个月和12个月的通畅率、静脉返流时间和 Villalta评分均无差异(P＞0.05)。结论 AngioJet血栓清除后直接支架置入术是治疗合并髂静脉压迫的下肢深静脉血栓的有效方法,临床改善更快,住院时间显著缩短。

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of AngioJet thrombus aspiration combined with iliac vein stent in deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity with iliac vein compression. Methods From January 2016 to June 2019, patients with first iliofemoral DVT and stent implantation after AngioJet thrombolysis or combined catheter thrombolysis were treated in the first department of general surgery, Jieyang People's Hospital. The therapeutic effects of direct stent implantation and stent implantation after thrombolysis were compared. Results A total of 50 patients with DVT who underwent stent surgery were included in this study, including 29 in the treatment group and 21 in the staging group. The clinical symptom relief rate and length of stay in the treatment group were better than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the risk of bleeding was lower. There was no significant difference in stent length and diameter. There were no significant differences in patency rate, venous reflux time, and Villalta score in the treatment group at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months (P>0.05). Conclusion Direct stent placement after AngioJet thrombectomy is an effective method for treating deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs with iliac vein compression. The clinical improvement is faster and the length of hospital stay is significantly shortened.

目的 评价Turbohawk定向斑块切除系统联合药物涂层球囊在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中临床应用价值。方法 对于术前超声以及下肢动脉CTA检查诊断为下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的8例患者,行Turbohawk斑块旋切以及药物涂层球囊治疗,术后行常规抗凝治疗,定期行彩超复查。结果 8例患者下肢动脉均全部再通成功,技术成功率为100%,术后缺血症状明显改善,术后平均踝肱指数为0.78±0.06,高于术前的0.31±0.12(P<0.05)。住院期间无并发症发生,随访3～18个月,患者保肢均获得成功。结论 Turbohawk定向机械旋切系统联合药物涂层球囊治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症,具有创伤小、疗效好以及安全性高等优点,值得临床推广使用。

Objective To evaluate clinical application of using Turbohawk atherectomy device in combination with drug-coated balloon in treatment of atreriosclerosis obliterans in lower extremity. Methods Turbohawk atherectomy device and DCB was performed in 8 patiments with atreriosclerosis obliterans in lower extremity. All patients were diagnosed by ultrasound and CTA. Routine anticoagulation drugs were used after the operation. Follow-up was carried out with color Doppler ultrasound. Results Revascularization was gained in 8 patients. The technically successful rate was 100% and ischemic symptoms relieved significantly immediately after the operation. The post-operative ankle brachinal index(ABI) was 0.78±0.06,which was higher than that of before operation(0.31±0.12). No obvious complications occurred after operation. The follow-up range was 3~18 months and limbs were salvaged successfully. Conclusion With minimal invasive, safe and few complications, Turbohawk atherectomy device in combination with drug-coated balloon is proved to be a very effective treatment atreriosclerosis obliterans in lower extremity and it is worth to popularize.

目的 探讨快速康复外科理念对降低子宫全切术后患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的应用效果。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,将185例子宫全切术后患者分为观察组(95例)和对照组(90例)。观察组实施快速康复外科护理路径,对照组实施常规护理路径。结果 两组患者术后的下肢深静脉血栓发生率、D-二聚体水平、日常生活活动能力评分的比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生率和D-二聚体水平低于对照组(P<0. 01),观察组日常生活活动能力评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 快速康复外科理念应用于子宫全切术后患者,可降低患者下肢深静脉血栓的发生率,提高患者自理能力,使患者尽快恢复健康水平。

Objective To explore the effect of fast-track surgery on the treatment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in patients after total hysterectomy. Methods A total of 185 patients with hysterectomy were divided into observation group(n=95) and control group (n=90) randomly. The observation group implemented a rapid rehabilitation surgical care path, and the control group implemented routine nursing path. Results There were significant differences in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis, D-dimer level and daily living activity score between the two groups (P<0.05). The incidence of deep venous thrombosis and the level of D-dimer in the lower extremity of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The score of the daily living activity was lower in the observation group than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Fast-track surgery for patients after total hysterectomy could reduce the incidence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis and improve the self-care abilities of patients, so that patients may return to health as soon as possible.