Objective To analyze the influence of hemoglobin level on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with upper extremity fractures. Methods A retrospective study of 386 upper extremity fracture patients who came to our hospital for treatment from January 2018 to June 2021 was carried out.According to whether the patients had DVT or not, they were divided into DVT group (n=114) and control group (n=272).The general data and clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the statistically significant factors were further analyzed by Logistic multivariate regression analysis to explore the risk factors of DVT in patients with upper limb fractures, and analyzed the hemoglobin level and the risk factors correlation by Pearson. Results Compared with the control group, the DVT group had increased incidence in female, age >60 years old, body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m², coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, other fractures, injury to ultrasonic time ≥3 days, injury to operation time >5 days, fibrin degradation products (FDP) ≥35 mg/L, thrombin time (TT) ≥ 17 s, hemoglobin ≤120 g / L, platelet count / hemoglobin ratio ≥2.5, blood glucose ≥8 mmol/L, general anesthesia and postoperative hospital stay <7 days, and the difference was significant (P<0.05).Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age>60, BMI>25 kg/m², time from injury to operation>5 days, hemoglobin≤120 g/L, platelet count/hemoglobin ratio ≥2.5, blood glucose ≥8 mmol/L were the risk factors of DVT in patients with upper extremity fractures (P<0.05).The hemoglobin level of those patients was negatively correlated with age, BMI, time from injury to operation, platelet count/hemoglobin ratio and blood glucose level (P<0.05). Conclusions Hemoglobin ≤120 g/L was a risk factor for DVT in patients with upper extremity fractures, and it was related to the occurrence of DVT.