Objective To investigate the causes of benign thoracic disease unplanned reoperation,improve the level of diagnosis and treatment and reduce the rate of unplanned reoperation. Methods From May 2006 to May 2016,594 cases of benign thoracic disease were performed thoracic surgery,including 16 patients underwent the unplanned reoperation due to various reasons. The clinical characteristics, therapy course and results of benign thoracic disease unplanned reoperation were analyzed retrospectively. Results The patients underwent the unplanned reoperation were no deaths. The operative time 30～215(135.6±47.4)min, intraoperative blood loss 50～650 (313.6±93.1)mL,postoperation hospitalization duration 7～30(15.7±6.8)d. The causes of benign thoracic disease unplanned reoperation were as follows: postoperative bleeding (10 cases), prolonged air leaks (4 cases),incision infection (2 cases). Univariate analysis showed first-time classification of diseases, operative time and operation method were statistically significant (P<0.05), Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed first-time classification of diseases, operative time and operation method were independent factors associated with benign thoracic disease unplanned reoperation. Conclusion According to the different classification of benign thoracic disease to estimate and prevent possible complications, we need to have sufficient preoperative preparation, intraoperative careful operation. Early active processing can be taken in postoperative complications.It can reduce the incidence of unplanned reoperation in benign thoracic disease,especially the chest inflammatory diseases.