目的 探讨不同附着体类型对上颌种植覆盖义齿修复患者种植体周围软硬组织健康状况的影响。方法 选取2020年1月—2023年12月于南京医科大学附属口腔医院就诊并接受上颌种植覆盖义齿修复的90例患者，根据所用附着体类型分为杆卡组（n=30）、球帽组（n=30）和Locator组（n=30）。戴用后随访12个月，比较三组种植体周围探诊深度（PD）、探诊出血（BOP）、菌斑指数（PLI）、牙龈指数（GI）、边缘骨吸收（MBL）等指标，并记录机械并发症发生情况。结果 佩戴12个月后，杆卡组在PD［（3.25±0.41） mm vs （3.58±0.50） mm，校正后P＜0.016 7］、PLI（1.25±0.38 vs 1.55±0.44，校正后P＜0.016 7）、GI（1.15±0.35 vs 1.37±0.42，校正后P＜0.016 7）及MBL［（0.38±0.11） mm vs （0.63±0.14） mm，校正后P＜0.016 7］方面的表现均优于Locator组；球帽组PLI（1.42±0.41 vs 1.55±0.44，校正后P＜0.016 7）、GI（1.28±0.39 vs 1.37±0.42，校正后P＜0.016 7）低于Locator组；三组间BOP阳性率两两比较差异均无统计学意义（校正后P＞0.016 7）。三组机械并发症总发生率的总体差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05），进一步两两比较显示，杆卡组并发症发生率最低（16.67%），Locator组最高（50.00%）（校正后P＜0.016 7）。结论 对于上颌种植覆盖义齿修复，杆卡式附着体在维持种植体周围软硬组织健康、减少边缘骨吸收及降低机械并发症方面表现出相对优势，临床适用性较高。

       Objective To investigate the effects of different attachment types on the health of peri-implant soft and hard tissues in patients rehabilitated with maxillary implant-supported overdentures．Methods A total of 90 patients who received maxillary implant-supported overdentures at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2020 and December 2023 were selected and divided into three groups based on the attachment type：bar-clip group（n=30），ball attachment group（n=30），and Locator group（n=30）．After prosthesis delivery，patients were followed up for 12 months．Parameters including probing depth（PD），bleeding on probing（BOP），plaque index（PLI），gingival index（GI），and marginal bone loss（MBL）were compared among the groups，and mechanical complications were recorded．Results At 12 months after delivery，the bar-clip group demonstrated significantly better performance in PD（［3.25±0.41］mm vs ［3.58±0.50］mm，adjusted P＜0.016 7），PLI（［1.25±0.38］ vs ［1.55±0.44］，adjusted P＜0.016 7），GI（［1.15±0.35］ vs ［1.37±0.42］，adjusted P＜0.016 7），and MBL（［0.38±0.11］mm vs ［0.63±0.14］mm，adjusted P＜0.016 7）compared to the Locator group．The ball attachment group showed significantly lower PLI（［1.42±0.41］ vs ［1.55±0.44］，adjusted P＜0.016 7）and GI（［1.28±0.39］ vs ［1.37±0.42］，adjusted P＜0.016 7）values than the Locator group．No statistically significant difference was observed in BOP positive rates among the three groups in pairwise comparisons（adjusted P＞0.016 7）．The overall difference in the total incidence of mechanical complications among the three groups was statistically significant（P＜0.05），and further pairwise comparisons showed that the bar-clip group had the lowest incidence（16.67%），while the Locator group had the highest（50.00%）（adjusted P＜0.016 7）．Conclusions For maxillary implant-supported overdentures，bar-clip attachments demonstrate relative advantages in maintaining peri-implant soft and hard tissue health，reducing marginal bone loss，and minimizing mechanical complications，suggesting good clinical applicability．