目的 探讨选择性会阴侧切术对会阴体及产后盆底功能的影响。方法 选取2018年1月—2019年12月在广州市红十字会医院顺产的初产妇作为研究对象,研究组为选择性会阴侧切组、对照组为常规治疗,统计两组的会阴裂伤情况,盆底Ⅰ类肌、Ⅱ类肌肌力分级,POPQ评分的分级,肛提肌裂孔扩张情况。结果 会阴裂伤率:研究组2.5%,对照组为56.22%,连续性校正χ²为53.14,连续性校正P＜0.05。盆底Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类肌力＜3级发生率:研究组分别为30%、23%,对照组分别为 49%、38%,χ²分别为9.03、5.96,P＜0.05。POPQ 0级率:研究组26.25%,对照组12.5%,χ²为4.84,P＜0.05。肛提肌裂孔无扩张率:研究组16.25%,对照组为5%,χ²为5.33,P＜0.05。结论 在本研究中,与对照组相比,研究组会阴裂伤率、盆底肌力<3级发生率更低;盆腔器官无脱垂率、肛提肌裂孔无扩张率更高。选择性会阴侧切术对会阴体及盆底功能具有保护作用。

Objective To investigate the effect of selective lateral episiotomy on perineal body and pelvic floor function. Methods The primiparas who delivered naturally in Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research subjects. The research group were given selective lateral episiotomy, while the control group were given conventional treatment. The incidence of perineal laceration, pelvic floor muscle strength lower than grade 3, the POPQ score and levator ani hiatus dilatation were analyzed. Chi-square test was used to analyze the incidence of the two groups. Results The incidence of perineal laceration in the research group was 2.5% vs 56.22% in the control group(χ²=53.14, P<0.05). The incidence of pelvic floor muscle(group I) strength lower than grade 3 in the research group was 30% vs 49% in the control group(χ²=9.03, P<0.05). The incidence of pelvic floor muscle(group II) strength lower than grade 3 in the research group was 23% vs 38% in the control group(χ²=5.96, P<0.05). The rate of the incidence of POPQ 0 in the research group was 26.25% vs 12.5% in the control group (χ²=4.84,P＜0.05). The incidence of levator ani hiatus dilatation in the research group was 16.25%, while 5% in the control group (χ²=5.33, P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with conventional treatment group, selective lateral episiotomy group has a lower incidence of perineal laceration and pelvic floor muscle strength lower than grade 3. Selective lateral episiotomy group has a higher incidence of POPQ 0 and no levator ani hiatus dilatation. Selective lateral episiotomy can protect the perineal body and pelvic floor function.