关键词: 血源性病原体, 职业暴露, 职业防护

Abstract: Objective To gain a deep understanding of the actual situation of occupational exposure in a general hospital in Heyuan City,assess health risks,propose effective control measures,and enhance the awareness of occupational protection among hospital staff to safeguard their health and safety. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to statistically analyze the occupational exposure events that occurred in a general hospital in Heyuan City from 2022 to 2023,in terms of exposure types,links,types of pathogens,occupational categories,and years of service. Results During the period from 2022 to 2023,a total of 93 cases of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens occurred in the general hospital,with sharp instrument injuries being the most common,accounting for 80 cases（86. 02%）;nurses accounted for the majority of occupational exposures,with 61 cases（65. 59%）;among the staff,those with a service time ≤ two years had the highest proportion of occupational exposures,with 71 cases（76. 34%）;the main occurrence of occupational exposures was in the processes of disposing of discarded sharp instruments and conducting inspections,treatments,and nursing operations,both accounting for 30 cases（32. 26%）;the main reason for occupational exposures was lack of protection,with 34 cases（36. 56%）;occupational exposures occurred mainly in general wards,with 37 cases（39. 78%）,followed by outpatient and emergency departments,both with 15 cases（16. 13%）;the types of infectious pathogens exposed in occupational exposures were mainly unknown,with 36 cases（38. 70%）,followed by hepatitis B,with 32 cases（34. 40%）;all staff who experienced occupational exposures received comprehensive exposure risk assessments,reasonable preventive medication measures,and regular health monitoring. Conclusions Hospital management departments need to enhance occupational safety training,particularly for nursing staff and junior-level employees,strictly enforce standard operating procedures,provide adequate protective equipment,improve medical device design,establish a comprehensive monitoring and reporting system,strengthen supervision,and manage to reduce the risk of occupational exposure and ensure the occupational safety of employees.

Key words: blood-borne pathogens, occupational exposure, occupational protection