女性医务人员月经改变的影响因素及与心理状态的相关性研究

doi:10.20223/j.cnki.1000-8535.2025.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨女性医务人员月经改变的影响因素及与心理状态的相关性。方法对深圳市3家医院女性医护人员进行随机抽样得到869份问卷调查样本,均为知情自愿参与本项调查研究。统计女性医务人员出现女性月经改变的比率和月经改变的基本特征,并采用单因素和多因素分析的方法分析影响月经改变因素。并以抑郁症筛查量表（PHQ-9）评估女性医护人员的心理状态,分析女性医务人员月经改变与心理状态评分间相关性。结果 869名女性医护人员中有293例发生月经改变,改变率为33.72%,其中月经周期改变94例、经期时间改变86例、月经量改变68例、痛经改变45例。将869例女性医护人员分为月经正常组和月经改变组,经单因素分析,两组间的年龄、职业、值夜班频率、既往病史、新冠感染等比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。月经改变组的护士占58.36%高于月经正常的24.48%,月经改变组的新冠一线抗疫人员占64.51%高于月经正常的27.08%,月经改变组合并妇科疾病史的占比20.82%（61例）高于月经正常组的占比11.98%（69例）。而月经改变组的护士、新冠一线抗疫人员、合并妇科疾病史、新冠感染的比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,职业为护士、合并妇科疾病史、新冠一线抗疫人员的P值分别为0.001、0.004、<0.001,故而职业为护士、合并妇科疾病史、新冠一线抗疫人员是女性医务人员月经改变的危险因素。月经改变组PHQ-9评分为9.10±2.57,月经正常组PHQ-9评分为5.98±1.06,月经改变组PHQ-9评分高于月经正常组（P<0.001）。两组受试者PHQ-9评分比较差异具有统计学意义,月经改变组PHQ-9评分中0~4分受试者为26.3%,月经正常组为47.2%,月经改变组PHQ-9评分中0~4分者比例小于月经正常组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论女性医务人员中职业为护士、合并妇科疾病史、新冠一线抗疫人员是月经改变的主要危险因素,且月经改变与心理状态有密切的相关性,需引起医疗机构的关注。

关键词: 女性医务人员, 月经改变, 影响因素, 新冠感染, 心理状态, 相关性研究

Abstract: Objective To analyze the influencing factors of menstruation changes of female medical staff and the correlation with their psychological status．Methods The female medical staff in three hospitals of Shenzhen were randomly sampled to get 869 questionnaires,with informed and willing to participate in this research．The rate of female menstruation changes and the basic characteristics of menstruation changes in female medical staff were calculated,and the influencing factors of menstruation changes were analyzed by single factor and multi factor analysis．And the psychological status of female medical staff was using the Depression Screening Scale （PHQ-9）,and the correlation between menstrual changes and psychological status scores of female medical staff were analyzed．Results Among 869 female medical staff,293 had hemorrhagic menstrual disease,with a change rate of 33.72%．Among them,94 had changes in menstrual cycle,86 had changes in menstrual period days,68 had changes in menstrual volume,and 45 had changes in dysmenorrhea．These 869 female medical staff were divided into normal menstruation group and menstrual change group．Through single factor analysis,there was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of age,careers,night shift frequency,previous medical history,COVID-19 infection （P>0.05）．The percentage of nurses in the menstrual change group was 58.36%,higher than that of 24.48% in the normal menstruation group．The percentage of frontline medical staff combating COVID-19 in the menstrual change group was 64.51%,higher than that of 27.08% in the normal menstruation group．And the percentage of menstrual change group with a history of combined gynecological diseases was 20.82% （61 cases）,higher than that of the normal menstruation group was 11.98% （69 cases）．And the difference was statistically significant when comparing the ratio of nurses,the frontline medical staff combating COVID-19,the history of gynecological diseases,and COVID-19 infection in the menstrual change group （P<0.05）．Multivariate analysis showed that the occupation of nurses,frontline medical staffs combating COVID-19,and history of gynecological diseases were the risk factors for menstrual changes．The PHQ-9 score of the menstrual change group was higher than that of the normal menstrual group,and the difference was statistically significant．Conclusions The main risk factors for menstrual changes are nurses,frontline anti-epidemic staff,and women with gynecological disease history．Menstrual changes are closely related to mental status,attention from healthcare organizations．

Key words: female medical staff, menstrual changes, influencing factors, COVID-19 infection, psychological state, correlation research

李红, 王耀楷, 刘燕香, 刘丽洲, 杨元娟, 陈凤. 女性医务人员月经改变的影响因素及与心理状态的相关性研究[J]. 广州医药, 2025, 56(4): 486-493.

LI Hong, WANG Yaokai, LIU Yanxiang, LIU Lizhou, YANG Yuanjuan, CHEN Feng. Study on the influencing factors of menstrual changes of female medical staff and the correlation with psychological status[J]. Guangzhou Medical Journal, 2025, 56(4): 486-493.

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