2022—2024年江西省南昌市东湖区孕妇碘营养状况与食用碘盐监测分析

doi:10.20223/j.cnki.1000-8535.2025.11.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查江西省南昌市东湖区孕妇2022—2024年碘营养状况与盐碘监测情况,为区域干预提供依据。方法将江西省南昌市东湖区划分为东、南、西、北、中5个片区,每个片区随机抽取一个街道（管理处）,于每年5月份随机抽取各街道（管理处）20名孕妇,每年共抽取100名孕妇,3年共计300名孕妇,采集其尿液样本和家中食用盐样本检测碘含量,以统计学方法进行分析。结果 3年来孕妇家庭食用盐碘含量中位数为23.02 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为98.67%,碘盐合格率为95.33%,3年的食用盐碘含量比较差异有统计学意义（H=38.545,P<0.05）。孕妇的尿碘水平中位数为115.15 μg/mL,3年来孕妇的尿碘水平中位数均低于150 μg/mL,有62.67%的孕妇碘缺乏,3年间的尿碘水平比较差异有统计学意义（H=9.392,P<0.05）,其中2024年的尿碘水平中位数为140.00 μg/mL,校正后高于2022年（Z=2.693,P<0.0167）和2023年（Z=2.590,P<0.0167）。Spearman相关性分析结果显示孕妇尿碘水平与盐碘含量及碘盐质量均无相关性（均P>0.05）,孕妇碘营养状况与盐碘含量及碘盐质量均无相关性（均P>0.05）,孕妇尿碘水平与碘营养状况正相关（rs=0.857,P<0.05）,盐碘含量与碘盐质量正相关（rs=0.314,P<0.05）。结论江西省南昌市东湖区2024年孕妇碘缺乏有所改善,但整体形势严峻,超半数的孕妇碘缺乏,食用碘盐基本符合国家消除碘缺乏病标准,但仍需改进。卫生部门要强化孕妇碘营养监测,向孕妇科普碘缺乏病知识,增强补碘意识,促其科学补碘。盐业监管部门需加大监管,严控碘盐质量,确保东湖区居民食盐合格。

关键词: 孕妇, 碘营养, 盐碘

Abstract: Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women and iodined salt monitoring in Donghu District,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province from 2022 to 2024,and provide a basis for regional intervention．Methods Donghu District was divided into five areas：East,South,West,North,and Central．A street（management office）was randomly selected from each area,and 20 pregnant women were randomly selected from each street（management office）in May each year．A total of 100 pregnant women were selected each year,for a total of 300 pregnant women over three years．Urine samples and household salt samples were collected to detect iodine content,and statistical analysis was conducted．Results Over the past three years,the median iodine content in the cooking salt consumed by pregnant women’s families was 23.02 mg/kg,the iodized salt coverage rate was 98.67%,and the iodized salt qualification rate was 95.33%．There were differences in the iodine content of cooking salt in the three years（H=38.545,P<0.05）．The median urinary iodine level of pregnant women was 115.15 μg/mL．In the past three years,the median urinary iodine levels of pregnant women were all lower than 150 μg/ml,and 62.67% of pregnant women were iodine-deficient．There were differences in the urinary iodine levels in the three years（H=9.392,P<0.05）．Among them,the median urinary iodine level in 2024 was 140.00 μg/mL,which was significantly higher than that in 2022（Z=2.693,P<0.0167）and 2023（Z=2.590,P<0.0167）after correcting the significance level．Spearman correlation analysis results showed that there was no correlation between the urinary iodine level of pregnant women with the iodine content and quality of iodized salt（all P>0.05）,and there was no correlation between the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women with the iodine content and quality of iodized salt（all P>0.05）．The urinary iodine level in pregnant women is positively correlated with their iodine nutritional status（rs=0.857,P<0.05）,and the iodine content in salt is positively correlated with the quality of iodized salt（rs=0.314,P<0.05）．Conclusions In 2024,the iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Donghu District,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province was improved,but the overall situation is still severe．More than half of pregnant women were iodine-deficient．The consumption of iodized salt basically met the national standards for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders,but still needed to be improved．The health department should strengthen the monitoring of iodine nutrition among pregnant women,popularize knowledge about iodine deficiency disorders to pregnant women,enhance their awareness of iodine supplementation,and promote their scientific iodine supplementation．The salt industry supervision department needs to strengthen supervision,strictly control the quality of iodized salt,and ensure that the cooking salt of residents in Donghu District is qualified．

Key words: pregnant women, iodine nutrition, iodined salt

许美玲, 刘雅, 聂甜甜, 吴竹君. 2022—2024年江西省南昌市东湖区孕妇碘营养状况与食用碘盐监测分析[J]. 广州医药, 2025, 56(11): 1569-1573.

XU Meiling, LIU Ya, NIE Tiantian, WU Zhujun. Survey on the iodine nutrition status and iodined salt monitoring of pregnant women in Donghu District,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province from 2022 to 2024[J]. Guangzhou Medical Journal, 2025, 56(11): 1569-1573.

参考文献

[1] BLIKRA M J,AAKRE I,RIGUTTO-FAREBROTHER J.Consequences of acute and long-term excessive iodine intake:A literature review focusing on seaweed as a potential dietary iodine source[J].Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf,2024,23(6):e70037.
[2] 余振华,骆红娟,姜淑英,等.2016—2020年江西省南昌县碘营养监测结果分析[J].实验与检验医学,2021,39(5):1293-1295.
[3] YANG L,LI M,LIU X,et al.Evaluation of iodine nutritional status among pregnant women in China[J].Thyroid,2020,30(3):443-450.
[4] 连小兰. 碘营养[J].中国实用内科杂志,2022,42(8):651-654.
[5] 吕博杰,张彩霞,何亮,等.碘与甲状腺相关研究进展[J].临床误诊误治,2018,31(2):107-110.
[6] 中华人民共和国卫生部.食品安全国家标准食用盐碘含量:GB 26878—2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[7] WHO,UNICEF,ICCIDD.Asssessnlent of iodine deifcieney disorders and monitoring their elimination,A guide for pro-gramme managers[M].Third edition,Geneva:WHO,2007.
[8] 刘洋,朱琳,李小烽,等.2018年河南省盐碘新标准实施后孕妇碘营养状况调查分析[J].中华地方病学杂志,2020,39(8):584-587.
[9] 单忠艳. 中国居民补碘指南解读[J].中国实用内科杂志,2019,39(4):347-350.
[10] 唐雪,许家琳,林丽梅.脐动脉血流动力学指标、血脂、TSH对妊娠期糖尿病患者分娩结局的影响研究[J].广州医药,2023,54(1):48-51.
[11] 段先兵,周献峰,黄紫欣.2018—2020年惠州市惠阳区孕妇尿碘监测分析[J].疾病预防控制通报,2021,36(2):41-42.
[12] AKINKUGBE A A,DUFFY J,KANNAN S,et al.Prenatal iodine intake and infant temperament in a multiethnic US cohort[J]. Public Health Nutr,2024,27(1):e226.
[13] ABEL M H,CASPERSEN I H,SENGPIEL V,et al.Insufficient maternal iodine intake is associated with subfecundity,reduced foetal growth,and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Norwegian Mother,Father and Child Cohort Study[J]. BMC Med,2020,18(1):211.
[14] ABEL M H,BRANDLISTUEN R E,CASPERSEN I H,et al.Language delay and poorer school performance in children of mothers with inadequate iodine intake in pregnancy:Results from follow-up at 8 years in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study[J]. Eur J Nutr,2019,58(8):3047-3058.
[15] JIN Q,WANG Z,LI J,et al.Iodine excess is associated with thyroid dysfunction among the elderly[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2025,203(7):3470-3478.
[16] 黄秉文,卢颖瑜,方咏红,等.2型糖尿病患者碘营养与甲状腺功能异常的研究[J].现代医院,2016,16(8):1148-1151.
[17] 上官俊,朱名群,周炳华,等.2019年江西省孕妇碘营养水平监测分析[J].中华地方病学杂志,2021,40(7):551-553.
[18] 童平,丁文书,徐晓倩.2021—2023年南昌市青山湖区孕妇尿碘监测分析[J].疾病预防控制通报,2024,39(3):73-74,78.
[19] 刘梅,杨培荣,车卫锋.2016—2022年宝鸡市人群碘营养状况分析[J].中华地方病学杂志,2023,42(12):969-972.
[20] 李春梅,陈怡蓉,左忠梅,等.澜沧县2021—2023年妊娠期妇女碘营养水平现状调查[J].云南医药,2024,45(3):63-66.
[21] 易念华,谢婷,刘念,等.湖北地区孕妇碘营养状况及尿碘含量的影响因素分析[J].中国现代医学杂志,2020,30(7):98-101.
[22] 张攀,翟沛,梁海东,等.2018—2020年成都市新都区食源性疾病监测结果分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2021,37(11):1501-1506,1512.
[23] 中华医学会地方病学分会,中国营养学会,中华医学会内分泌学分会.中国居民补碘指南[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2018.
[24] 文薇,罗熙平,刘涛,等.2018年巴中市8~10岁儿童和孕妇碘缺乏病调查结果分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2020,36(5):601-604.
[25] 朱文明,莫哲,毛光明,等.浙江省儿童和孕妇碘营养状况监测结果分析[J].预防医学,2016,28(11):1087-1090.
[26] 李香亭,郑薇薇,方婷,等.2018—2023年上海市杨浦区孕妇碘营养监测结果分析[J].中国妇幼卫生杂志,2024,15(6):13-18.