焦虑症与抑制性神经元功能：小清蛋白神经元的作用

doi:10.20223/j.cnki.1000-8535.2025.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 焦虑症是最常见的精神障碍,区别于生理性焦虑,患者常表现出持续的焦虑状态。越来越多证据表明,抑制性神经元参与生理性焦虑的产生和消退,而这类神经元功能异常与焦虑症的发生密切相关。小清蛋白（PV）神经元是一类主要的抑制性中间神经元,广泛分布于大脑皮质和其他脑区,并且具有独特形态和功能。PV神经元可通过快速放电活动精确控制局部微环路和大脑网络活动,进而调控焦虑发生。文章综述PV神经元如何介导生理性焦虑及其功能异常及如何导致焦虑症的产生,重点介绍了PV神经元的解剖和功能特性,这些特性使它们拥有快速和强力的抑制作用,能够快速调控神经网络活动,和PV神经元以及相关的神经环路调控焦虑发生的环路机制,以及PV神经元调控焦虑发生的分子机制,并展望未来的研究方向,以期为开发新的焦虑症干预策略提供科学依据。

关键词: 小清蛋白神经元, 抑制性神经元, 焦虑症

Abstract: Anxiety disorders,distinct from physiological anxiety,are characterized by a chronic and pervasive state of heightened anxiety and represent the most common mental diseases．Emerging evidence implicates inhibitory neurons in both the generation and extinction of physiological anxiety,with dysfunction in these neurons strongly associated with the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders．Among inhibitory neurons,parvalbumin（PV）-positive interneuron,a key subset with unique morphological and functional characteristics,are widely distributed across the cerebral cortex and various brain regions．These neurons exert rapid,potent inhibitory control over local microcircuits and broader neural networks through their fast-spiking activity,making them integral to the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors．This review highlights three key aspects：the anatomical and functional properties of PV neurons;their role in circuit mechanisms;the molecular pathways by which PV neurons regulate anxiety．By elucidating the role of PV neurons in modulating physiological anxiety and highlighting their dysfunction in anxiety disorders,this review aims to inform future research and foster the development of novel therapeutic interventions for anxiety disorders．

Key words: parvalbumin neurons, inhibitory neurons, anxiety disorders

华丽博, 方长荣, 陈俊良, 赵铮, 刘勇, 黄浪. 焦虑症与抑制性神经元功能：小清蛋白神经元的作用[J]. 广州医药, 2025, 56(6): 723-734.

HUA Libo, FANG Changrong, CHEN Junliang, ZHAO Zheng, LIU Yong, HUANG Lang. The role of parvalbumin positive inhibitory neurons in anxiety disorders[J]. Guangzhou Medical Journal, 2025, 56(6): 723-734.

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