功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者的应用效果

doi:10.20223/j.cnki.1000-8535.2025.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者的应用效果。方法选取2022年5月—2024年5月暨南大学附属广州市红十字会医院收治的80例高龄吞咽障碍患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组患者实施常规干预,观察组实施功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理干预,对比两组患者干预效果、干预前后的吞咽功能与营养状况、吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率,以及干预前后两组生活质量变化。结果观察组总有效率为92.50%,高于对照组的72.50%（χ²=5.541,P=0.019）;两组干预后综合性营养评估法（SGA）、进食评估问卷调查工具-10（EAT-10）评分均降低,且观察组[（6.62±1.24）（15.26±3.42）分]低于对照组[（10.85±2.32）（23.51±4.37）分],对比差异有统计学意义（t分别为10.170、9.403,P<0.05）;观察组吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率17.50%低于对照组42.50%（χ²=5.952,P=0.015）;两组干预后生活质量综合评定量表（GQOLI-74）相关维度物质评分均升高,且观察组患者GQOLI-74相关维度物质生活（16.62±2.24）、心理功能（18.26±4.42）分、社会功能（21.62±3.66）分、躯体功能（23.26±4.37）分均高于对照组[（13.25±3.32）（13.51±2.37）（15.26±2.35）（16.62±3.73）]分,对比差异有统计学意义（t分别为5.322、5.990、9.248、7.309,P<0.05）。结论功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者干预效果显著,且可提升其吞咽功能,改善营养状况,同时可辅助降低吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率,提高患者生活质量。

关键词: 功能性经口摄食分级, 吞咽管理, 吞咽障碍, 并发症, 营养状况

Abstract: Objective To explore the application effect of Functional Oral Intake Scale（FOIS）swallowing management on elderly patients with swallowing disorders. Methods A total of 80 elderly patients with dysphagia admitted to the Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University from May 2022 to May 2024 were selected as research subjects．They were divided into an observation group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group,using a random number table method．The control group received routine intervention,while the observation group received FOIS swallowing management intervention．The intervention effects were compared between the two groups,including pre and post intervention,swallowing function and nutritional status,incidence of swallowing related complications,and changes in quality of life before and after the intervention．Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.50%,which was higher than the 72.50% of control group（χ²=5.541,P=0.019）．After the intervention,the comprehensive nutrition assessment（SGA）and the feeding assessment instrument-10（EAT-10）were decreased,and the observation group （[6.62±1.24]and[15.26±3.42]） were lower than the control group （[10.85±2.32]and[23.51±4.37]）,and the comparative difference was statistically significant（t=10.170,9.403,P<0.05）．The incidence of complications related to swallowing disorders in the observation group was 17.50%,lower than that in the control group was 42.50%（χ²=5.952,P=0.015）．After intervention,the scores of GQOLI-74 related dimensions were increased in both groups．In addition,GQOLI-74 related dimensions of material life（16.62±2.24）scores,psychological function（18.26±4.42）scores,social function（21.62±3.66）scores,physical function（23.26±4.37）scores in observation group were higher than those in control group （[13.25±3.32],[13.51±2.37],[15.26±2.35],[16.62±3.73]）,and the difference was statistically significant（t=5.322,5.990,9.248,7.309,P<0.05）．Conclusions The swallowing management of FOIS has a significant intervention effect on elderly patients with swallowing disorders,and can improve their swallowing function,nutritional status,and assist in reducing the incidence of swallowing disorder related complications,thereby improving the quality of life of patients．

Key words: Functional Oral Intake Scale, swallowing management, swallowing disorders, complication, nutritional status

黄宝华, 梁丽敏, 戴穗茹, 欧凤红. 功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者的应用效果[J]. 广州医药, 2025, 56(6): 775-781.

HUANG Baohua, LIANG Limin, DAI Suiru, OU Fenghong. Application effect of Functional Oral Intake Scale swallowing management on elderly patients with swallowing disorders[J]. Guangzhou Medical Journal, 2025, 56(6): 775-781.

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