成年人近视的流行病学及其相关危险因素的研究进展

doi:10.20223/j.cnki.1000-8535.2025.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近视是一种常见的屈光不正状态,也是全球范围内普遍存在的视觉健康问题,其特征是在眼部调节放松的状态下,平行光线经眼的屈光系统折射后聚焦在视网膜前,导致视远模糊。近视通常在儿童期发生和发展,但在成年期仍可继续发生和发展。本综述对已发表的关于成年人近视发生和进展的文献进行总结,描述成年人近视的流行病学特征,包括近视率、近视发病率、近视进展率及其近视特征（屈光度及眼轴）,总结成年人近视发病和进展的危险因素。了解成年人近视的发展特点和管理方式对于近视防控实践具有重要意义。

关键词: 成年人, 近视, 屈光度, 眼轴长度, 危险因素

Abstract: Myopia is a common refractive error and a universal visual health problem in the world．It is characterized by the fact that parallel light rays refract through the refractive system of the eye and focus in front of the retina when the eye accommodatior is relaxed,resulting in distant blurred vision．Myopia usually occurs and develops in childhood,but can continue to occur and develop in adulthood．This review summarizes the published literature on the occurrence and progression of myopia in adults,describes the epidemiological characteristics of myopia in adults,including myopia rate,myopia incidence rate,myopia progression rate,and myopia characteristics（diopter and ocular axis）;and summarizes the risk factors for the occurrence and progression of myopia in adults．Understanding the developmental characteristics and management methods of adult myopia is of great significance for myopia prevention and control practice．

Key words: adult, myopia, diopter, axial length of eye, risk factor

邹新瑞, 江瑜, 冷云霞. 成年人近视的流行病学及其相关危险因素的研究进展[J]. 广州医药, 2025, 56(1): 11-17.

ZOU Xinrui, JIANG Yu, LENG Yunxia. Advances in the epidemiology and risk factors of adult myopia[J]. Guangzhou Medical Journal, 2025, 56(1): 11-17.

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