国内15个省市养老机构痴呆照护服务现状调查研究

doi:10.20223/j.cnki.1000-8535.2026.02.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查国内养老机构痴呆照护服务现状,为今后国内进一步推进养老机构痴呆照护服务的发展提供可借鉴的依据。方法 2024年1月1日至3月31日以全国养老机构为研究对象,采取两阶段分层抽样,随机抽取国内15个省、自治区、直辖市的养老机构,采用网络问卷调查方法对抽取的养老机构管理人员进行问卷调查。结果共回收线上调查问卷443份,经过去重和排除无效问卷,最终得到的有效问卷为412份,有效率为93%。调查发现有313家（76%）机构有收住痴呆患者,养老床位规模为100~299张的养老机构占比最高。小规模的养老机构中,民办民营机构收住痴呆患者的比例高于公建公营机构。有181家机构设置了痴呆照护专区。床位数在300张以上的养老机构中设立痴呆照护专区的比例高于中、小规模的养老机构。结论本调查较客观地呈现了我国养老机构痴呆照护服务开展的现状,大规模的养老机构提供痴呆照护服务的能力更高,设置痴呆照护专区的机构更能满足痴呆患者多层次、多样化的照护需求。目前国内仍存在专业化的痴呆照护服务供给不足、照护人员短缺等现象,急需国家加强顶层设计,促进行业健康发展。

关键词: 养老机构, 痴呆, 照护服务, 问卷调查

Abstract: Objective To explore the current situation of cognitive care services in nursing homes in China,and provide reference for further promoting the development of cognitive care services in nursing homes in China．Methods From January 1 to March 31,2024,a two-stage stratified sampling was carried out to randomly select pension institutions in 15 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government across the country,and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the nursing homes．Results A total of 443 online questionnaires were recovered in this survey,and 412 valid questionnaires were obtained after eliminating duplicated and invalid questionnaires,with an effective rate of 93%．In this survey,76% of the institutions admitted the elderly with dementia,and the nursing homes with 100-299 beds accounted for the highest proportion．Among the small-scale nursing homes,the proportion of the elderly with dementia in private institutions is significantly greater than that in public institutions．There were 181 nursing homes with special cognitive care areas．The proportion of cognitive care area in nursing homes with more than 300 beds was significantly greater than that in medium and small scale nursing homes．Conclusions This survey Objectively presents the current situation of the development of cognitive care services in nursing homes in our country．Large-scale nursing homes have a higher capacity to provide cognitive care services．Nursing homes that set up special areas for cognitive care can better meet the multi-level and diversified care needs of the elderly with dementia．At present,there are still insufficient supply of professional cognitive care services and shortage of nursing personnel in China．It is urgent for the country to strengthen top-level design and promote the healthy development of the industry．

Key words: nursing homes, dementia, care service, questionnaire survey

陈秋蕾, 高新侠, 连泽凯, 张燕坤, 谢嘉裕, 李海员. 国内15个省市养老机构痴呆照护服务现状调查研究[J]. 广州医药, 2026, 57(2): 225-232.

CHEN Qiulei, GAO Xinxia, LIAN Zekai, ZHANG Yankun, XIE Jiayu, LI Haiyuan. A survey on the status quo of cognitive care services in nursing homes in 15 provinces and municipalities in China[J]. Guangzhou Medical Journal, 2026, 57(2): 225-232.

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