中医药调控CD4+T细胞亚群防治动脉粥样硬化的研究进展

doi:10. 20223 / j. cnki. 1000-8535. 2026. 01. 004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 动脉粥样硬化（AS）是一种起始于炎症介导的内皮损伤的慢性血管疾病,其本质是免疫炎症驱动的病理过程,是众多心血管疾病的病理基础。CD4⁺ T细胞亚群[包括辅助性T细胞1型（T helper 1 cell,Th1）、Th2、Th17、调节性T细胞等]通过分泌特异性细胞因子参与AS的炎症反应,其中促炎性CD4⁺ T细胞与抗炎性CD4⁺ T细胞的抗炎功能失衡是推动斑块进展的关键环节,在AS斑块形成与发展中起关键作用。近年来,多项研究表明某些中药单体、经典复方及其有效成分,具有多靶点、多层次机制调控CD4⁺ T细胞分化及功能,这些作用共同减轻血管内皮炎症反应、抑制巨噬细胞泡沫化及平滑肌细胞迁移等,延缓AS斑块形成与发展,为AS防治提供了新思路,展现了中医药在该领域的研究展现出独特优势与广阔前景,本文综述了中医药通过干预CD4⁺ T细胞亚群平衡防治AS的最新研究进展,及其影响相关细胞因子网络及关键信号通路的作用机制,为开发具有多靶点协同优势的创新中药与中西医结合治疗方案提供了关键理论依据与实践方向。

关键词: 动脉粥样硬化, CD4⁺ T细胞, 免疫调节, 中医药

Abstract: Atherosclerosis（AS）is a chronic vascular disease that originates from inflammation mediated endothelial damage.Its essence is a pathological process driven by immune inflammation,and it is the pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases.CD4⁺ T cell subsets（including Th1,Th2,Th17,Treg,etc.）participate in the inflammatory response of AS by secreting specific cytokines.The imbalance of anti-inflammatory function between pro-inflammatory CD4⁺ T cells and anti-inflammatory CD4⁺ T cells is a key link in promoting plaque progression and playing a crucial role in the formation and development of AS plaques.In recent years,a number of studies have shown that the monomers,classic prescriptions and their effective ingredients of Chinese herbs have the effect of multi-target,multi-level mechanism to regulate the differentiation and function of CD4⁺ T cells.These effects together reduce the inflammatory reaction of vascular endothelium,inhibit the foam formation of macrophages and smooth muscle cell migration,delay the formation and development of AS plaque,provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AS,and make the research of Chinese medicine show unique advantages and broad prospects in this field.This article reviews the latest research progress of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of AS by intervening in the balance of CD4⁺ T cell subsets,as well as the mechanism of its effects on related cytokine networks and key signal pathways.This provides a key theoretical basis and practical direction for the development of innovative traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment plans with multi-target synergistic advantages.

Key words: atherosclerosis, CD4⁺ T cell, immunoregulation, traditional Chinese medicine

叶晨, 刘悦, 杨欢, 盖巧稚, 徐月, 李珂珂. 中医药调控CD4⁺T细胞亚群防治动脉粥样硬化的研究进展[J]. 广州医药, 2026, 57(1): 24-29.

YE Chen, LIU Yue, YANG Huan, GAI Qiaozhi, XU Yue, LI Keke. Research progress on the regulation of CD4⁺ T cell subsets by traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis[J]. Guangzhou Medical Journal, 2026, 57(1): 24-29.

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