云南省某三级甲等医院2018—2023年工作人员职业暴露状况分析

doi:10.20223/j.cnki.1000-8535.2025.10.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析医院职业暴露工作人员特征、发生职业暴露环节、类型及处理方式,为医院制订干预措施提供理论基础。方法回顾性分析玉溪市人民医院2018—2023年共301例发生职业暴露工作人员资料,包括职业暴露时间、性别、年龄、科室、岗位类型、在院工作时间、职位、职业暴露发生环节、职业暴露类型、暴露源、职业暴露后是否需要用药等处置信息。结果 301例职业暴露工作人员平均年龄为（28.81±10.92）岁,女性占比84.7%（255例）;57.8%（174例）职业暴露发生在检查/穿刺/注射/采血/置管/治疗/手术等操作中,38.9%（117例）发生在医疗废物处置环节;87.7%（264例）的暴露类型为针刺伤;45.5%（137例）接触暴露源为有血源性传播疾病的患者。发生职业暴露工作人员中,不同岗位职业暴露者的暴露类型、职位、科室、是否需要药物干预及接触暴露源情况比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论应加强医务工作者职业暴露相关知识及应急处置培训,对不同工龄、岗位医务工作者制定针对性培训方案,加强医疗废物处置流程及临床操作技能规范等知识培训,预防医务工作者职业暴露的发生。

关键词: 医务人员, 职业暴露, 针刺伤

Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics,occupational exposure links,types,and treatment methods of occupational exposure among healthcare staff hospital,providing a theoretical basis for the development of related intervention strategies for hospitals．Methods A retrospective study was conducted to explore 301 cases of occupational exposure among healthcare staff in The People’s Hospital of Yuxi City from 2018 to 2023．Data of 301 cases were collected,including information on gender,age,department,personnel category,length of service in the hospital,job title,and the circumstances of occupational exposures,which covered exposure links,type,source,and post-exposure medication treatment measures．Results Among the 301 healthcare staff experiencing occupational exposure,the average age was（28.81±10.92）years,with 84.7%（255 cases）being female．Occupational exposure most frequently occurred during procedures such as examination,puncture,injection,blood collection,catheterization,treatment,and surgery（57.8%,174 cases）,followed by the disposal of medical waste（38.9%,117 cases）．The primary type of exposure was needle-stick injury（87.7%）．Contact with patients suffering from blood-borne infectious diseases accounted for 45.5%（137 cases）of the occupational exposure incidents．There were significant differences in exposure types,job positions,departments,sources of exposure,and post-exposure medication treatment measures among healthcare staff of different categories（P<0.05）．Conclusions To prevent the occurrence of occupational exposure among healthcare staff,it is necessary to enhance training on occupational exposure knowledge and emergency management,particularly improving the disposal of medical waste and clinical operational skills．Additionally,it is crucial to have personalized training programs tailored to healthcare staff based on their varying lengths of service and positions．

Key words: healthcare staff, occupational exposure, needle-stick ingury

董正娇, 冯林森, 杨静, 郭文冉, 陈丽红, 梁超, 潘红平, 朱鸿娟, 马黎霞, 杨波. 云南省某三级甲等医院2018—2023年工作人员职业暴露状况分析[J]. 广州医药, 2025, 56(10): 1448-1454.

DONG Zhengjiao, FENG Linsen, YANG Jing, GUO Wenran, CHEN Lihong, LIANG Chao, PAN Hongping, ZHU Hongjuan, MA Lixia, YANG Bo. Prevalence of occupational exposure among healthcare staff of a three-A hospital in Yunnan Province from 2018 to 2023[J]. Guangzhou Medical Journal, 2025, 56(10): 1448-1454.

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